84 THE EEPOET OF THE No. 36 



sprayed, in order that we might test out both methods. The results were 99 

 per cent, clean fruit on the sprayed portion and 97 per cent, to 98 per cent, on 

 the dusted portion. The sprayed portion received one more spray, i.e., the 

 dormant spray, otherwise the orchards were sprayed as far as possible on the 

 same day, and there was no division at all in the orchards; it was all done in 

 one orchard, side by side, taking 90 trees in each portion. With regard to dust- 

 ing 1 have found that a man who has had a little training in dusting \vill be 

 apt to have better success than a man with a longer training in liquid spraying- 

 It takes a very good man to spray a tree, whereas a man taught for a very short 

 time with a duster can get good results. I have found that a man spraying for 

 several years will sometimes miss branches of certain portions of the tree with 

 the spray, and on those branches there will be scab, but there will not be even 

 one scabby spot in the dusted portion. We sometimes find that a limb or brancli 

 has been overlooked on trees with the heaviest crop of apples, and every apple 

 on these limbs will be affected by scab, and of course this means that the apples arc 

 put into class 2 or 3. In the dusted portion the dust settles all over the tree, and 

 does not require the careful attention to reach every branch that the spraying 

 does. Professor Caesar may differ from me in this, but that is my experience, 

 and as regards spraying I may say that we have a very good example in an old 

 orchard badly infested with scab which I think was M^ell known to Macdonald 

 College men last year. The man had the cleanest crop of Fameuse in tlie 

 Province of Quebec, after spraying thoroughly four times. This year he said : 

 " I am not going to get a large crop anyway, and I am not going to bother 

 very much about spraying." He sprayed the Fameuse once and the others he 

 did not spray at all, with the result that there was 88 per cent. scab. Last 

 year he had 98 per cent, clean fruit in a year which was just as bad as this 

 has been for scab. Last year out of 1,050 barrels packed 1,010 were 2's and 3's, 

 but this year although our crop was not so large we had about 97 per cent. 

 clean fruit. I spoke last night about what can he done by reaching the farmers. 

 Some of these men have sprayed ever since the spray has come into the county, 

 and the Demonstration Orchard men have been sent out to them and have stayed 

 with them for years, and yet this year nearly half, or at any rate a quarter, of 

 their apples were No. 3's. 



Father Leopold: What percentage of fillers did you use? We have been 

 using 60 per cent, to 40 per cent, fillers in our orchards. 



Mr. Petch : A mixture of 45 per cent, fillers to obtain these results. 



Prof. Caesar: I think Professor Brittain made some tests with the dust. 



Prof. Brittain : AVe did make some tests this summer, and our results were 

 so very uneven that I find now I do not know nearly as mvich about the matter 

 as T thought I did in the spring. We used various strengths of sulphur — 40 

 per cent, to 90 per cent. — through the different orchards. The head of the Bot- 

 anical Branch and I each took over a small orchard for testing purposes, and T 

 may say that he had the better one — an orchard that has been properly looked 

 after for years, one of the best sprayed orchards in the district, on light sandy 

 land, with splendid air drainage, and with trees well pruned. I took one on 

 boavv clay land, with poor air drainage and poorly nrunect trees. He had good 

 results, fruit over 90 per cent, clean, and found with regard to dusting that he 

 had better control with 95 per cent.-90 per cent, than with 50 per cent. With 

 spraying he <rot slightlv better results than with any of the dusts, but on the 

 best dusted fruit the difference was nesrliaiblo. Mv orchard had 40 per cent, scab 

 and the worst outbreak of Tussock Moth I have ever known. The Tussock Moth 



