106 



THE REPORT OF THE 



No. 36 



represent processes of two distinct basal segments of an appendage, whose terminal 

 portion forms the palpus of the maxilla. Furthermore, a comparison with the 

 parts of the Crustacea very clearly shows that the universally accepted opinion 

 that an insect's maxilla represents a " biramous " appendage is wholly false (the 

 galea and lacinia being merely processes of two basal segments of an appendage 

 whose endopodite alone forms the maxillary palpus), and the attempt on the part 

 of several investigators to coiupare parts of an insect's mandible (as well as the 

 parts of the maxillae) to the endopodite and exopodite of a crustacean appendage 

 would never have been made if they had but taken the trouble to compare a series 

 of crustacean mandibles with those of insects. 



Since the second maxillae of Crustacea are homologous with the second 

 maxillae of insects, which unite to form the labium in the latter forms, it is 

 impossible to homologize the united poison claws of chilopods (which represent 

 the first maxillipedes of Crustacea, and therefore occur behind the second maxillae) 



CRUSTACEA INSECTA MYRIOPODA 



'OOO2 



•r> 



with the second maxillae or labium of insects, as many investigators have sought 

 to do, and the erroneous claim that the underlip (united first maxillae) of dip- 

 lopods is formed by the fusion of two pairs of appendages, is seen to be untenable 

 when one compares the structures in question with the underlip of certain isopods 

 (which here, however, is formed by the united first maxillipedes) in which the 

 corresponding parts are clearly seen to belong to but one pair of appendages, as 

 embrj'ology has shown to be the case all along, although most anatomists have 

 totally disregarded its evidence. 



From a comparison with the parts in the Tanaidacea and other Crustacea 

 the cerci of insects are seen to represent one of the rami of the uropods on either 

 side of the telson, and the meaning of the styli attached to the basal segments 

 of the abdominal limbs of the Machilidae and other primitive insects is at once 

 apparent when one examines the reduced abdominal appendages of the Isopoda and 

 other Crustacea. Indeed, the study of the parts in the Crustacea has furnished 

 ihe key for the interpretation of the corresponding parts in insects in practically 

 every instance, as I am hoping to show in a series of articles soon to be published 

 upon the subject, and these facts are referred to at this point merely to show that 



