FAMILY COLUMBIDAE 45 



at sides; sides olive-brown; axillars, under wing coverts, and basal 

 portion of inner webs of remiges cinnamon-rufous. 



Female, usually similar, but in some slightly duller in color. 



Immature, wing coverts tipped, and secondaries, inner primaries, 

 and tail feathers edged with cinnamon-rufous ; nape with shaft streaks 

 of cinnamon ; foreneck and chest brown tipped with cinnamon. 



This species, similar in form to the slightly larger white- fronted 

 dove, differs in its darker colors, and also in habitat, as it is a bird 

 of the forest. However, the two species may overlap near jungle edge, 

 or both may be found in areas of suburban gardens, as in Panama 

 City and the Balboa area of the Canal Zone. 



Three geographic races are found in the Republic. 



LEPTOTILA CASSINII CASSINII (Lawrence) 



Leptoptila cassinii Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia (meeting of 

 August 13th), 1867, p. 94. (Line of Panama Railroad on the Atlantic Slope, 

 Canal Zone, Panama.) 



Characters. — Nape duller, hair brown ; breast darker gray. 



Iris Marguerite yellow ; edge of eyelids, bare skin at posterior edge 

 of lower eyelid, and bare loral area dull rose-red, bordered above and 

 below by neutral gray ; cere and bill black ; tarsus and toes dull rose- 

 red ; crus in some a little brighter red; anterior scutes on top of toes 

 brownish red ; claws mouse brown. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from Panama), wing 130.0-138.4 

 (133.8), tail 77.0-85.3 (81.7), oilmen 13.6-15.7 (14.4), tarsus 32.6- 

 34.0 (33.2) mm. 



Females (10 from Panama), wing 130.0-136.0 (133.0), tail 77.6- 

 87.0 (80.7), culmen 13.8-15.7 (14.7), tarsus 31.2-33.1 (32.1) mm. 



Resident. Found in heavily forested areas in the Tropical Zone ; on 

 the Pacific slope, in western Veraguas (formerly, no recent records) ; 

 and from the Canal Zone east through Darien to the Colombian bound- 

 ary. On the Caribbean slope from western Colon (Chilar), and 

 northern Code (El Uracillo), east, including the Chagres River 

 Basin, through San Bias to the Colombian boundary. Recorded to 550 

 meters at Cana on Cerro Pirre and to 575 meters on the upper Rio 

 Tacarcuna, on the slopes of Cerro Mali. 



With regard to the occurrence of this bird on the Pacific slope of 

 Veraguas, there is a specimen in the British Museum (Natural His- 

 tory) collected by Arce in 1875 that is labeled Montana de Vermejo, 

 a place that I have not been able to locate. A melanistic specimen 

 in the U.S. National Museum, also taken by Arce, is marked only 



