122 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 2 



elevated on the basal two-thirds ; side of maxilla with strong ridges. 

 Adult (sexes alike), glossy blue-black above and below, somewhat 

 greenish on the primaries, deeper, more violet-blue on the tail; 

 feathers of head, breast, and back edged or tipped with greenish 

 bronze. 



Juvenile, bill compressed, but without elevated basal ridge; body 

 and head dull black. 



A male, taken February 16, 1952, near the mouth of the Rio Indio, 

 western Colon, had the iris ivory-white; bill and tarsus black; 

 inside of mouth at tip of maxilla ivory-white ; gape and rest of inside 

 of the mouth adjacent honey yellow. 



Figure 15. — Greater ani, cocinera, Crotophaga major. 



In life the light eye always is conspicuous in contrast with the 

 dark color of the head. The color of the iris differs somewhat 

 individually, but invariably is pale in birds that have passed the im- 

 mature stage. A male shot at Juan Mina, Canal Zone, January 29, 

 1959, when first killed had the iris light greenish yellow. In a 

 female, taken at El Sombrero, in the llanos of Venezuela, November 

 17, 1937, the iris was light grayish white. 



Measurements. — Males (10 from Panama and Colombia), wing 

 192-199 (194.0), tail 248-267 (253.0), culmen from base 45.8-49.3 

 (47.4), tarsus 43.6-49.3 (45.8) mm. 



Females (10 from Panama and Colombia), wing 178-197 (187.6), 

 tail 237-256 (244.0), culmen from base 42.0-46.4 (44.5), tarsus 

 41.4-46.8 (43.5) mm. 



Resident. Common locally in the tropical lowlands from the Canal 



