386 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 2 



The current inclusion of Pharotnachrus antisianus (d'Orbigny), 

 found in the Andes from north-central and central Colombia, the 

 Sierra de Perija. on the boundary between Colombia and Venezuela, 

 and the Merida range of the latter country, south through Ecuador 

 and Peru to Bolivia, as a race of P. mocinno is difficult to understand 

 in view of the clear statement of its characters by Ridgway (he. cit., 

 pp. 734-735, in key). In brief, this southern representative of the 

 quetzal group, far distant from mocinno in terms of space, differs 

 distinctly in having the feathers of the posterior half of the crown 

 short and of normal form, the narrowed, laterally compressed crest 

 restricted to the anterior half of the head, and the supracaudal plumes 

 short, extended only a few millimeters beyond the tail. In addition, 

 on comparison of skeletons I find its characters, while generally 

 similar to those of P. mocinno, such as to indicate specific difference. 

 The close relationship should be expressed by two specific groups in 

 a superspecies. The specific name antisianus of the South American 

 bird, incidentally, is of interest for its derivation. D'Orbigny (Voy. 

 Amer. Merid., vol. 4, 1839, p. 154) refers to the Indians of the eastern 

 slopes of the Andes of Peru and Bolivia as the "Antisien," a name 

 derived from the Quechua term "Antis" for this geographic area 

 (modified in Spanish to "Andes"). It appears then that the name 

 antisianus for the trogon that d'Orbigny found in the Yungas of 

 Bolivia east of the Andes has this base for its derivation. While 

 he called it antisianus in the original description (Mag. Zool., vol. 7, 

 1837, cl. 2, pi. 85 and text) which is the valid name, in his later 

 volume in 1839 (he. cit., p. 381) he modified this to antisiensis. 



PHAROMACHRUS PAVONINUS AURICEPS (Gould): 

 Golden-headed Quetzal, Viuda de la Montana 



Figure 46 



Trogon (Calurits) auriceps Gould, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, May 1842, 

 p. 238. ("The Cordillerian Andes" = Quito, Ecuador.) 



Generally similar in color and its pattern to the quetzal, but nostrils 

 exposed ; without appressed crest feathers ; supracaudal plumes in 

 maximum development only a few millimeters longer than tail. 



Description. — Length 325-355 mm. Adult male, entire head, in- 

 cluding throat, shining golden green with coppery reflections ; lower 

 hindneck, back, rump, and lesser and middle wing coverts somewhat 

 bluish green to yellowish green ; elongated upper tail coverts bordered 

 distinctly with light yellowish green ; wings and middle coverts black ; 

 tail black, in some individuals with the two outer feathers tipped 



