FAMILY RAMPHASTIDAE 517 



collected by W. W. Brown, Jr., at David and Divala in October and 

 November 1900, and from 900 meters elevation near Boquete, in 

 January 1901. Specimens in the California Academy of Sciences col- 

 lected by Mrs. Davidson Terry on December 5 and 8, 1931, extended 

 the range to near San Felix, eastern Chiriqui. She secured the species 

 also at 1,650 meters at Salto, above Boquete. In my own studies I 

 have found this aracari above Cerro Punta, on Cerro Pando, and near 

 El Volcan, to the Santa Clara region farther west near Costa Rica. 

 I have recorded it regularly also in lowland localities on the Rio 

 Escarrea near Canta Gallo, below Alanje, and from near Puerto 

 Armuelles to Punta Balsa at the end of the Burica Peninsula. Clearing 

 of broad areas formerly forested must have greatly reduced its total 

 number in recent years. 



When seen in the field at any distance this toucan is similar to the 

 more widely distributed pichilingo. The birds range in pairs or small 

 groups that feed on figs, guayavas, and other fruits. Often they are 

 quite tame. In flight the wings move quickly until the body has mo- 

 mentum, when alternately they flap and sail. I have found their calls 

 and habits in general a duplicate of those of the other species. 



In an account of the life history Skutch (Condor, 1958, pp. 207- 

 218) recorded them sleeping in pairs or groups in large woodpecker 

 holes and other cavities in standing trees. It was his opinion that they 

 did not mate until about 2 years old, perhaps older. In 1 nest he 

 recorded 2 white eggs laid in a woodpecker hole on a bed of seeds 

 regurgitated from their food. During incubation one bird remained 

 with the eggs during the night, but when the young hatched both 

 parents slept with them. At El General, Costa Rica, he found that 

 they reared a single family during the nesting season. They were 

 recorded as predatory on the eggs and young of other birds, though 

 other hole-breeding species often nested as close neighbors without 

 molestation, even in holes in the same trees. 



Beyond Panama these toucans continue on the Pacific slope of south- 

 western Costa Rica north as far as the railroad line to Puntarenas, 

 ranging inland in the Subtropical Zone to about 1,350 meters in the 

 Candelaria and, probably, the Dota mountains (Slud, Bull. Amer. 

 Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 128, 1964, pp. 184-185). 



While closely allied to the more widely distributed Pteroglossus 

 torquatus, with which Peters and others have placed it as a subspecies, 

 frantzii differs structurally in the notching of the commissure in the 

 maxilla, less strikingly in the broad red band across the lower breast 

 and abdomen, and in life in the bright red and orange maxilla. Actually 



