FAMILY RAMPHASTIDAE 521 



seeming rather stolid, but if animated may bend quickly forward and 

 then draw back while repeating the call note. 



Stomachs of those that I have examined have been filled with frag- 

 ments of fruit skins. 



In observations in Costa Rica, Slud (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 

 128, 1964, p. 185) found this species during the nesting season in 

 higher subtropical forests, spreading down to lower levels later. I 

 have seen no record of the nest and eggs. 



The common group name of aragari for the smaller toucans with 

 slender bodies is the Portuguese form of the Tupi-Guarani word 

 aracari, in which the letter "c" (without the cedilla) is given the hard 

 sound. 



RAMPHASTOS SULFURATUS BREVICARINATUS Gould: 

 Keel-billed Toucan, Paleton 



Figure 68 



Ramphastos suljuratus brevicarinatus Gould, Monogr. Ramphastidae, ed. 2, 1854, 

 pi. 3 and text. (Western side of the Isthmus of Panama.) 



The smaller of the two large-billed, black toucans with yellow fore- 

 neck and upper breast ; tip of the bill red. 



Description. — Length 450-500 mm. Adult (sexes alike), crown and 

 hindneck black, with the hindneck washed with maroon; upper tail 

 coverts white ; rest of upper surface, including wings and tail, glossy 

 greenish black ; feathered area of side of head, throat, and foreneck 

 bright yellow, bordered on lower margin with a narrow band of bright 

 red; under tail coverts also bright red; rest of under surface dull 

 black. 



Juvenile, without the serrations on the cutting edge of bill present 

 in adults ; coloration somewhat duller. 



An adult male, taken at Armila, San Bias, March 3, 1963, had the 

 outer ring of the iris light green, shading inward to pale brown ; bare 

 skin of side of head and across base of bill bright yellow, spotted 

 irregularly around eye and behind nostril with green ; tip of bill dark 

 red ; an elongate spot on side of maxilla pale orange-red, broad poste- 

 riorly and narrowed anteriorly, where it continues as a line across 

 the serrations on the lower margin to join the brighter color on the 

 tip; line of culmen, except at extreme base, pale dull yellow; rest of 

 side of maxilla light green ; side of mandible at base light green shad- 

 ing anteriorly to light blue ; a narrow line of deep black around entire 

 base of bill ; bare skin on chin at base of gonys pale blue changing on 



