528 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA — PART 2 



3. Outer hind toe shorter than outer front toe. 



Lineated woodpecker, Dryocopus lineatus, p. 546 

 Outer hind toe decidedly longer than outer front toe 4 



4. Breast, lower back, and rump red, with the partly concealed bases of the 



feathers barred ; ends of wings spotted with yellowish white on the under 

 surface. 



Crimson-bellied woodpecker, Campephilus haematogaster splendens, p. 581 



Upper breast, back, and rump black; under surface of ends of wings not 



spotted 5 



5. Side of head plain, except for an indistinct brownish spot over ear; bill 



yellowish for distal half, in some for entire length. 



Flint-billed woodpecker, Campephilus guatemalensis guatemalensis, p. 575 

 A prominent white spot at base of bill, and another of black and white 

 over ear. 



Malherbe's woodpecker, Campephilus mclanoleucos malherbii, p. 578 



6. Head with a brown crest 7 



Head smooth, or with red crest 8 



7. Crest long, pointed; lower back, rump, and base of tail plain, without bars. 



Chestnut-colored woodpecker, Celeus castaneus, p. 540 



Crest short, bushy; lower back, rump and entire tail barred with black. 



Cinnamon woodpecker, Celeus loricatus, p. 542 



8. Basal color of back and wings green or olive-green, in some with a yellowish 



or reddish wash 9 



Basal color of back and wings black, in most species with markings of 

 white 15 



9. Breast and abdomen brownish olive to tawny-olive, without bars or spots. 



Smoky-brown woodpecker, Veniliornis fumigatus sanguinolentus, p. 567 

 Breast and abdomen barred or spotted with black or slate 10 



10. Size small, wing less than 90 mm.; under surface dull white, barred with 



grayish brown ; rump red. 



Red-rumped woodpecker, Veniliornis kirkii, p. 570 



Larger, wing 100 mm. or more; breast and abdomen yellow or buff, barred 



or spotted with black ; rump not red 11 



11. Back barred with black; breast and rump with small spots of black. 



Spot-breasted woodpecker, Chrysoptilus punctigula striatigularis, p. 533 

 Back without markings ; rump plain, or barred with olive, not spotted . . 12 



12. Rump paler than back, greenish yellow, indistinctly barred with olive. 



Golden-olive woodpecker, Piculus rubiginosus uropygialis, p. 534 

 Rump concolor with back, without markings 13 



13. Breast, abdomen and under tail coverts deep buff, barred evenly with slate- 



black; a bright yellow streak on side of head below eye; wings without 



bars Golden-green woodpecker, Piculus chrysochloros aurosus, p. 539 



Breast olive-green, spotted with buff y white ; abdomen and sides dull white 

 or yellowish white, barred with dark olive ; wings barred with blade 14 



14. A broad streak of yellowish white on side of head below eye ; chin and upper 



throat whitish, or streaked with white. 



Stripe-cheeked woodpecker, Piculus leucolaemus callopterus, p. 537 

 Side of head, chin and throat brown or olive (in males partly red). 



Rufous-winged woodpecker, Piculus simplex simplex, p. 536 



