536 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 2 



the size 22.2x17.4 and 23.2x17.5 mm. They are subelliptical in 

 form, white and smooth, with high gloss. 



In my experience I have found these birds ranging on open tree 

 trunks. A female taken on Cerro Pando, March 24, 1954, was 

 nearly ready to lay. Food may include fruits as a male had eaten 

 one of the abundant large blackberries. 



The species Piculus rubiginosus, with an extensive range from 

 southern Veracruz through Central America and northern South 

 America, in the western mountains to Bolivia and Argentina and 

 in the east through Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago, and Guyana, has 

 been divided among many races. The subspecies of western Panama 

 is found also through Costa Rica. In the specimens examined those 

 from Panama have averaged slightly brighter yellowish green in the 

 lighter barrings and darker in the others. 



PICULUS SIMPLEX SIMPLEX (Salvin) : Rufous-winged 

 Woodpecker, Carpintero Alipardo 



Chloronerpes simplex Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, November 1870, p. 212. 



(Bugaba, Chiriqui, Panama.) 

 Chloronerpes simplex aurorae Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., no. 293, January 12, 



1928, p. 3. (Almirante, Bocas del Toro, Panama.) 



Rather small ; like Piculus callopterus but side of head brown ; 

 chin and throat plain, without markings. 



Description. — Length 170-185 mm. Adult male, crown, nape, 

 hindneck, and malar stripe bright red; upper surface yellowish 

 olive-green ; outer webs of primaries and secondaries brownish black, 

 barred with cinnamon-rufous ; upper tail coverts tipped or edged 

 with dull yellow; tail feathers dull olive-green laterally, with shafts 

 and central area dull black; side of head dull olive-green; chin and 

 throat olive, unmarked; foreneck and upper breast dull greenish 

 olive, spotted sparingly with pale buff to buffy yellow ; rest of under 

 surface, including sides and undertail coverts, buffy yellow barred 

 with dark olive ; under wing coverts cinnamon-rufous. 



Adult female, like male but only the nape and hindneck red; 

 crown and malar region dull yellowish olive. 



The label on American Museum of Natural History no. 487373, $, 

 collected by H. J. Watson at Bugaba, Chiriqui, November 7, 1903, 

 notes the iris as white, bill lead color, and feet greenish black. On 

 specimen 389999, from Volcan Turrialba, Costa Rica, taken April 

 4, 1925, A. P. Smith noted the eye as bluish white, bill pale blue, 

 and tarsi olive. 



