562 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA PART 2 



barred with black ; under surface of wing and axillars dull black, bar- 

 red with white. 



Adult female, red of head restricted to nape ; yellow of forehead ex- 

 tended to forecrown, anterior to its center, changing to black poste- 

 riorly ; otherwise like male. 



Immature male, lower f oreneck and upper breast lightly barred with 

 dull black ; dark barring on sides and flanks dull black. 



Immature female, like immature male, but with gray of center of 

 crown indistinctly barred with black. 



A male taken at the head of Rio Guabal, northern Code, March 2, 

 1962, had the iris light brown ; bill black ; tarsus and toes yellowish 

 neutral gray ; claws black. 



Measurements. — Males (23 from Panama), wing 108.6-115.2 

 (111.4), tail 53.0-61.0 (56.7), culmen from base 26.5-28.8 (27.4), 

 tarsus 19.5-21.8 (20.8) mm. 



Females (10 from Panama), wing 106.4-110.2 (107.8), tail 47.6- 

 58.2 (52.9), culmen from base 24.2-27.5 (25.7), tarsus 19.0-20.1 

 (19.5) mm. 



Resident. Common in forested areas in the tropical lowlands ; on 

 the Pacific slope from the eastern Canal Zone (Fort Clayton) and 

 eastern Province of Panama eastward through Darien, to 600 meters 

 on Cerro Pirre ; on the Caribbean side throughout from Costa Rica 

 to Colombia. 



While these are birds of the forest they range also in open stands 

 of trees along the border of clearings, and on dead stubs and isolated 

 trees. Once, at La Jagua I found one cutting a hole in a fence post 

 in the open, marshy savanna, distant a kilometer from any forest 

 cover. In the eastern San Bias I saw them occasionally in the exten- 

 sive groves of coconut palms near Armila. They are most common in 

 the more humid areas. The only record for the southern Canal Zone 

 is near Fort Clayton. On the Pacific slope of the Cerro Azul I 

 found them only on the forested hill at Camaron, north of Chepo. 

 From Chiman eastward the birds are common, as they are throughout 

 the Caribbean slope. 



In general, this species suggests Wagler's woodpecker in calls and 

 in flight. But, common as they are in many localities, they are less 

 constantly seen because of the cover of leaves. Also they are less 

 vociferous both in calling and in drumming, so that these activities 

 do not bring them so constantly to notice. The flight is of the usual 

 bounding type. Because of the short tail the birds appear rather 

 heavy in the body when in the air. 



