574 BIRDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA — PART 2 



the center of the back white anteriorly, changing gradually to brown 

 at the lower end ; outermost pair of rectrices light brown, next two 

 pairs similar but black basally and on the inner webs ; primaries and 

 secondaries spotted with white ; band on side of head below eye, and 

 entire under surface brown ; side of breast lined with black ; under 

 wing coverts white to pale brownish white. 



Adult female, similar but without red on the head. 



Immature male, posterior half of crown red, the feathers with 

 rather indistinct subterminal bands of white. 



Some individuals are distinctly paler, whiter on the lower surface. 



A male taken on Volcan Baru, March 9, 1965, had the iris dark 

 brown; side of maxilla below ridge in front of nostril and mandible, 

 except tip, dull neutral gray ; rest of maxilla and tip of mandible 

 black ; tarsus and toes dull brownish black ; claws dark neutral gray. 



Measurements. — Males (16 from western Chiriqui), wing 99.1- 

 105.5 (102.0), tail 51.5-63.2 (58.8), culmen from base 21.5-27.0 

 (25.6), tarsus 19.0-21.1 (20.2) mm. 



Females, (16 from western Chiriqui), wing 97.8-103.5 (100.5), 

 tail 54.4-62.4 (58.8), culmen from base 21.4-24.2 (23.1), tarsus 

 19.1-20.5 (20.0) mm. 



Resident. Fairly common in the mountains of western Chiriqui, 

 from 1,500 to 2,100 meters elevation ranging east to Cerro Flores 

 (Cerro Santiago) and north across the divide into southern Bocas 

 del Toro. 



Griscom (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 78, 1935, p. 331), through 

 some misunderstanding, listed the range as extending into Veraguas, 

 where to date this woodpecker is not known. 



The hairy woodpecker in Panama is found down into the Subtrop- 

 ical Zone, but is more common in the Temperate Zone. Here it lives 

 regularly in areas where branches in the tall forest trees are lined 

 with moss and epiphytes. The birds are encountered alone or in 

 pairs, located sometimes through their steady hammering, by which 

 they secure insects hidden in dead wood, sometimes through their 

 calls, a sharp, single note, like that of the populations of the species 

 in far northern forests. In this southern highland region the call 

 was somewhat muted as it came to my ears in the cool, damp mountain 

 air. Both males and females drum regularly as they do in the north. 



The dark color of the under surface of these birds will be noticed 

 immediately by northern naturalists, familiar with the clear white 

 breasts of the species in their home areas. In any series the color 

 of those from Panama is somewhat variable as some individuals are 



