352 LEPIDOPTERA. 



antennae white, ringed witli brown. Tlie fore wings are reddish 

 violet on the apex, and the hind wings are dark brown. An 

 unknown species is represented on Plate 8, fig. 17. It was 

 found feeding on the pear the 5th of September, carrying about 

 a flattened case of the form indicated in the figure, which is 

 enlarged about five times. We have also found another Col- 

 eophora larva, with a long, flattened, cylindrical case, alike at 

 each end, constructed of the outer skin of the leaf. It was 

 found late in September feeding on the apple. 



In the genus Batrachedra the wings are narrow, especially 

 the hind ones which are sharply pointed, with a tuft near the 

 base of the costa. B. salicipomo7ieUa Clemens (Fig. 267, vena- 

 tion and side view of the head, enlarged), in its larval state, 

 ^_____^^^__^ according to Mr. Walsh, inhabits the gall 

 ^^^^^ ==^ made by a saw-fly on the willow. 

 ''^^^^^^^^^ Elacliista is a ver^- extensive genus charac- 

 * terized by the long and slender, slightly re- 



i ^^Mi curved palpi. The fore wings are smooth, 



i ^^m elongate and rarely oblong, and the hind 



^^^ wings are narrow and pointed. The larva 



\3 mines the leaves of grasses and allied plants. 



Fig. 267. Over fifty species have been described in 



Europe. Clemens refers doubtfully to this genus, a Virginian 

 species, Elachista? orichakella, which is of a beautiful metallic 

 coppery color, while the hind wings and fringe are rather pale 

 ochreous. 



The genus LitJiocoUetis comprises very minute but most richly 

 colored moths. The head is rough, the labial palpi filiform 

 and drooping, while the fore wings are elongate,, and the hind 

 wings are linear lanceolate, with long fringes. They are often 

 excessively abundant, are rather sluggish, but fly readily in the 

 early morning. In Europe they are double-brooded, and hiber- 

 nate in the pupa state (Clemens states that some hibernate as 

 moths), appearing in the perfect state in spring, while a second 

 brood of moths appear in August. The larvae have fourteen 

 feet, and mine the leaves of trees, shrubs or low plants, sepa- 

 rating either the upper or lower cuticle and feeding on the 

 inner substance of the leaf. When the mine is on the upper 

 surface, or at least most frequently when it is in this position, 



