MUSCID^. 413 



lid, which opens when the fly makes its exit, and bears two 



small slender tubercles which project upwards. The posterior 



end bears two terminal spine-like tubercles similar to those on 



the head, but projecting horizontally. The puparium is glassy 



green, and the limbs of the enclosed pupa can be partially seen 



through the skin. The rings are (especially on the thorax) 



spinose, being the remnants of the rows of spines around the 



hind edge of the larval segments. It is .15 of an inch long. 



The pupa lies a short distance from the opening of its burrow, 



which is about half an inch long, and is situated between the 



wood and the bark. 



The larva before pupa- ^' 



ting eats away the bark, 



leaving a thin outer 



scale, or roundisli black 



space which can be 



folded back like a lid, 



which the fly pushes 



open when it emerges. 



Several swellings occur 



on the twig in the space ^'*^'- •^^•''• 



of six inches. The fl^^ appeared the 25th of June. Dufour 



states that in Europe Lonchcea nigra lives in the outer bark of 



the oak, and another under the bark of the poplar, while still 



another species makes a sort of gall in the dogsgrass. 



The genus Sphyracephala is remarkable for its stalked eyes, 

 which are placed on long stems going out from the sides of 

 the head. Some species are found fossil in the Prussian 

 amber. S. hrevicornis Say is rather rare. 



The Cheese maggot is the larva of Piopliila casei (Fig. 335) 

 a shining black fly, three-twentieths of an inch long, with the 

 four posterior legs 3'ellowish, and with transparent wings. 

 The whitish larva is cylindrical, and .22 of an inch in length, 

 and is acutely pointed towards the head and truncated behind, 

 with two long horny stigmata in the middle of the truncature, 

 and two longer fleshy filaments on the lower edge. When 

 moving it extends its mouth-hooks, and pulls itself along by 

 them. Mr. F. W. Putnam has called my attention to the 

 power of leaping possessed by the maggot. "When about to 



