522 HEMIPTERA. 



In Aphis the seven-jointed antennae are longer than the body, 

 the two basal joints short and thick, the seventh the longest^ 

 and near the end of the abdomen there are two long honey 

 tubes. Aphis avence Fabr. is abundant and very injurious to 

 the ears of wlieat, sucking out the sap and greatl}- reducing the 

 bulk of the corn. In certain years it has spread over the 

 country in innnense numbers. A2)his onali Fabr. (Fig. 518, 

 winged female; Fig. 519, asexual female), and A. malifoUoe 

 Fitch are found on the apple ; A. cerasi Fabr. on the cherry ; 

 A. |jers/cf« Sulzer on the peach, and A. brassiere Linn, on the 

 cabbage. There are about thirty species known in this 

 country. 



In Lachmis the sixth joint of the antenufe is shorter than 

 the seventh, and the honey tubes are very short. Lachnus 

 strobi is found on the white pine bushes often in great numljers. 

 Lachnus caryce Harris is a very large species 

 Avhich lives on the Hickor3^ Mr. Walsh states 

 that he has "noticed in the autumn, numerous 

 apterous females on the same tree, which lived 

 Fig. 519. many days and laid their eggs in confinement, 

 but died without assuming wings." The genus Eriosoma differs 

 in having no honey tubes, and in having only two median (dis- 

 coidal) cells. The species are covered with a woolly flocculent 

 substance, secreted from the abdomen, though no special 

 glands for this purpose have yet been discovered, while but lit- 

 tle "honey" is exuded from the orifices of the aborted iioney- 

 tubes. Eriosoma lanigera Hausmann, the Apple-blight, is 

 black, with the abdomen honey yellow. The eggs are laid in 

 the axils of the branches, especially near the roots of the tree, 

 if there are any suckers present, and are enveloped in the pow- 

 devj substance of the abdomen of the female. By their stiugs 

 in the bark numerous warts and excresences are produced, 

 the leaves turn yellow and drop off, and the tree often dies. 

 Professor Verrill has found, about the middle of October, 

 among the wingless individuals, " a large number of both males 

 and females having well formed and -rather large wings, but in 

 other respects closely resembling the rest." 



The genus Adelges was proposed by Vallot for certain broad, 

 flattened plant-lice, which attack coniferous trees, often raising 



