APHIDiE. 



523 



swellings on twigs like pine and spruce cones. The antennsE 

 are short, five-jointed and slender ; there are three straight 

 veinlets arising from the main sul)COstal vein and directed out- 

 wards, and there are no honey tubes ; otherwise these insects 

 closely resemble the Aphides. A species (Fig. 520 ; a, pupa 

 seen from beneath) closely related to the European Adelges 

 (Cherraes) coccineus of Ratzburg, and the A. strohilobius of 

 Kaltenbach, which have similar habits, we have found in abun- 

 dance on the spruce in Maine, where it produces swellings at 

 the end of the twigs, 

 resembling in size 

 and form the cones 

 of the same tree. 



The most destruc- 

 tive insect of this 

 family is the Grape 

 Phylloxei'a, P. vitl- « Fig. 520. 



folice Fitch {P. vastatrix Planchon). It exists in two forms, 

 one raising irregular galls on the leaves, and the other form- 

 ing small swellings on the rootlets. The root-form is both 

 wingless and winged, the latter very rare. The leaf-form is 

 said to be always wingless. Fig. 521 (after Riley) represents 

 the windless leaf- -. 



form ; a, h, newly 

 hatched larva, 

 ventral and dor- 

 sal view; c, egg; 

 d, section of leaf- 

 gall ; e, swelling 

 of tendril; /',//, //, 

 mother gall-louse, 

 lateral, dorsal, 

 and ventral 

 views ; «', anten- 

 na; /, two-jointed 

 tarsus. Fig. 521^/, 

 «, healthy root ; h, one on which the lice are working, repre- 

 senting the swellings caused by their ]iunctures ; c, a root 

 which has been deserted bv them, and where the rootlets have 



Fig. 521. 



