Brigham.] O 



pood one, if a hole be ])ore(l through the bottom for drainage and a 

 glazed cover be fitted to the top. 



For niany of the llepatica3, mosses and low forms of vegetable hfe, 

 Florence oil flasks will do very well, but from the narrowness of the 

 nock are inconvenient; and I have found the glass preserve jars now 

 manufactured, with large ground glass stoppers in which is a small 

 ])erforation for ventilation, most excellent both for ferns and for algae 

 and other water plants. 



The Waltonian Case, as manufactured ii England (it is not on sale 

 in this country, I believe), is simply a Wardian Case heated by the 

 flame of a lamp applied to the bottom of a large flat tin boiler, con- 

 taining perhaps two quarts of water. The inconveniences of a lamp 

 are, however, considerable, and must render gas a more desirable heat- 

 ins airent where it can be obtained. 



A still more economical way, where high and constant temperatures 

 are not required, is to place at the bottom of the case a flat zinc box, 

 water-tight, with an aperture to fill it with boiling water and to 

 empty it when cold. For a general plant case this will answer every 

 purpose, especially if the hot water box be placed in sand at one end 

 of the case, to encourage a circulation of the enclosed air. The tem- 

 perature may be kept at about 70° by two changes of the water each 

 day. 



I have constructed a case with this heating apparatus, and find the 

 temperature under perfect control; indeed, by warming one part 

 more than the other, I have had at one time the Paliurus aculeatvs or 

 Christ's Thorn from the shores of the Dead Sea, the Stone Pine from 

 Italy, Thunbergias from India, with Abutilons, Fuchsias, Epigfeas, all 

 doing well and making good growth. 



Wallonian Case. I have spoken of the inconvenience of lamps as 

 a source of heat, and should describe a substitute. In a case thirty 

 inches long by fifteen wide, and twenty-two high, the usual propor- 

 tions, a tin boiler may be placed, twenty-four inches long, eight inches 

 wide and three inches deep, provided with an opening in the top for 

 the supply of water and the escape of steam, also a plug or stop-cock 

 at the side to draw off the water. Through this boiler, near one of 

 the long sides, should run a copper pipe one and one-half inch in 

 diameter, and extending beyond the walls of the case at either end. 

 This tube should be placed near the bottom of the boiler, and at a 

 sliglit inclination, to secure a current of air. AVithin this tube is 

 placed a quarter inch gas pipe resting on the bottom, and perforated 

 on the upper side with a row of minute holes for jets. This gas- 

 burner should be but two-thirds the length of the copper tube. Sand 

 must be placed around and above the boiler to preserve and render 

 equable the supply of heat. Ventilators are necessary, both on or 



