341 (VerriU. 



Tills species occurs in Long Island Sound, off New Haven, where 

 I have never observed E. Drohachiensis, which is the most common 

 species on the coast of Maine, Newfoundland and Labrador. But 

 both species occur together in Massachusetts Bay, and as far north, 

 at least, as Halifax, N. S. 



In this species the interambulacral tubercles are relatively larger, 

 more crowded, and more uniform in size than in E. Drobac/uensis, the 

 latter having two rows of tubercles, both in the ambulacral and inter- 

 ambulacral regions, which are much larger and higher than the rest, 

 and rather distant, like the other principal interambulacral tubercles, 

 Avhlle among them are scattered very numerous small tubercles (mil- 

 iaries). In E. granulatus the four corresponding principal rows are 

 less distinct from the other tubercles, many of which are nearly as 

 large ; the larger tubercles are relatively much more crowded, and 

 there are fewer miliaries. In each species the ambulacral pores, vary- 

 ing from four to six pairs, are in oblique and somewhat irregular arcs, 

 or rows, but the rows are shorter, and the pores more crowded, in E. 

 granulatus. The spines also, though variable, are usually stouter and 

 shorter in this species than in the other, in which, also, they are (par- 

 ticularly the small ones) much more numerous on specimens of the 

 same size. The form of the shell varies greatly in each, but is fre- 

 quently more elevated in E. granulatus. 



Note. — The genus Toxopneitstes was first proposed by Prof. Agassiz in July, 

 1841, Monogi-aphies d'Echinoderraes, 2™« liv. p. 7, (lutroduction), v;hcYe Echinus 

 piledus Lamk. is stated to be the type of the genus. At the same time several 

 other genera were proposed, the type of each being stated, a method of es- 

 tablishing genera that has been practised extensively, among Echinoderms, 

 and which is still adopted by some Avriters.* Afterwards, m the Cata- 

 logue Raisonn^, by Agassiz and Desor, 1847, the genus Boletia was estab- 

 lished with the same species for its type, by Mr. Desor, while Toxopneustes was 

 applied to the group including E. brevispinosus and E. Drobachknsis Miill., 

 which represent two genera, both widely different from E. jnleolus. It is, there- 

 fore, evident that, in accordance with the usual rules of priority in nomen- 

 clature, the name, Toxopneustes, must be retained for the getms Boletia of 

 Desor, his name becoming a synonym, and a new name must be adopted 

 for the present group, having E. Drohackiensis as its type.f In the Introduc- 

 tion to Liv. 4«, Monog. Echin. p. ix, Dec. 1841, Prof. Agassiz briefly described 

 Toxopneustes. and cited Echinus tuberculatus as the type, while the typical spe- 

 cies of the pi'esent genus were united to Echimis proper. 



* See, for example, the genera Ljitechinus, Gymnocidaris, Orfhocidaris, Prionn- 

 cidaris, Toxocidaris, etc., in the Bulletin Mus. Comp. Zoology, No. 2, by A. 

 Agassiz, 1863. 



t The other species of Euryechinus, excluding some doubtful forms, are E. 

 liv id us of the Mediterranean; E. gibbus (Yal. Bp.) of Gallipagos Is.; and E. 

 Delalandii (Val. sp.) of New Holland. 



