^t?n; 



81 



osteology of this animal, for it will be remembered that all the 

 descriptions previously written were based upon a few individual 

 parts, or very incomplete skeletons. 



The second part treats of the subject of Odontography ; for 

 this he had better materials by far than any of his predecessors. 

 Cuvier, Dr. Hayes, and Prof. Owen had done much to clear up 

 the description of the teeth, and Dr. J. B. S. Jackson had made 

 very important additions to the knowledge of the dentition of 

 these animals, and had demonstrated for the first time that in the 

 lower jaw the whole number of teeth on each side was six, and 

 that there was no vertical successor to the third premolar, as 

 Prof. Owen had shown to be the case in the 3L angustidens of 

 Europe. With the most ample means at his disposal, he has 

 been able to confirm or confute the views of those who preceded 

 him, and has given the most complete description of the whole 

 series of teeth, above and below, and of their succession, which 

 has yet appeared. 



The third part contains a description of the Cambridge Mas- 

 todon, and comparative measurements and descriptions of that and 

 the skeleton of the Asiatic elephant ; from which it appears that 

 all the bones of the latter are less massive, the thorax more 

 flattened, the lower jaw shorter and difi'ering remarkably in its 

 anterior termination, the radius and ulna more crossed, and the 

 hand narrower and more vertical ; and that the same holds with 

 regard to the foot. " The skeleton is decidedly lighter, and better 

 calculated for motion than that of the Mastodon, while the latter, 

 especially in its anterior parts, presents an arrangement adapted 

 to sustain a veiy great weight and move a very heavy mass." 



The fourth part contains a description of the cranium found in 

 Orange County, New York, under the name of " Shawangunk 

 head," and is the largest Mastodon cranium as yet described. 



Fifth. On the vei'tical section of the cranium. 



Sixth. On the distinction into species. 



Seventh. Coincident existence of the Mastodon and Elephas 

 primigenius, with an examination of the teeth of the latter. 



Eighth. On the food and hair. 



Ninth. On the condition of the bones. 



Tenth. On the geological situation, and the causes of preser- 

 vation. 



PROCEEDINGS B. S. N. H. VOL. VI. 6 FEBRUARY, 1857. 



