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Rising a step higher, we find in birds the voice developed to a 

 high degree, but yet confined to a narrow range of modulated 

 sounds. In mammalia, the organs for sympathetic motions are 

 more developed than in birds, except, perhaps, those connected 

 with the voice, although even this point remains to be settled. 

 In mammalia, we find the first hints of what shall come in man. 

 The first idea of an arm, we find in the bear, — it embraces ; and 

 this idea of an arm is connected with the ability to stand erect 

 upon the flat of the foot. In mammalia, too, we first find the idea 

 of a hand, hinted at already in the bear, but carried out more 

 fully in the monkey. The features of the face we find remark- 

 able in tlie dog, and still more so in the monkey. We could find 

 a like series in the organs of reproduction, which from this 

 merely natural view, must be considered organs of sympathy. 

 It is interesting to consider hermaphroditism from this stand- 

 point : it will be evident that it cannot occur in any animal 

 of high psychical endowments. We will in addition, merely 

 call attention to the fact that fishes have no organs of copu- 

 lation, or very rudimentary ones, that in many species the 

 male does not know the mother of the eggs which it fecun- 

 dates, while on the other hand, some reptiles, many birds, 

 and most mammalia live in pairs, or, at least, their males and 

 females go together throughout life, helping and taking care of 

 each other. All the family life, the only fountain of moral and 

 intellectual beauty, rests in the distinction and voluntary union 

 of the sexes, and this distinction and union only make possible 

 the highest unity of two beings which exists. 



We will dwell no longer on these steps, but consider man him- 

 self. If our principle of coincidence of the degree of psychical 

 development, with the degree of the development of the organs 

 of sympathetic motions, be true, we must find these latter in their 

 highest condition in man. And so it is. Man, standing upright 

 on his feet, has all his body free for sympathetic motions ; and 

 the organs by which they are performed are here in perfection. 

 What we saw in the fish as a balancing instrument, in the lizard 

 as a mere locomotatory organ, is in man an arm which embraces 

 the child, the friend. With the hand, of which we saw no sign 

 in the fish, which is a foot and a locomotatory oi'gan in the lizard, 

 and the same in all mammalia, even monkeys, man grasps the 



