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hand of his fellow-man, and shows him what he feels, and with 

 it, he emphasizes his language. Here are the features of the 

 face, expressing by the most diversified play of motions, the 

 varying conditions of the spirit, telling love and hate, joy and pain. 

 Here are the eyes, the mirror of the soul. All these organs we 

 find in a lower condition, in the higher mammalia, especially in 

 monkeys. But there is one kind of sympathetic motions, which 

 man alone enjoys, — those employed in language, — the power to 

 express fully his4deas, his emotions to other men, by modulated 

 sounds, produced by the complicated motion of the larynx, the 

 tongue, the lips, &c. Many animals, it is true, have a voice, but 

 none of them can express a series of thoughts or feelings. The 

 cry of an animal is always the last concluding word of a sentence. 

 It may be the result of a series of thoughts, but this series itself 

 is never expressed. Men have also this kind of sounds — the 

 sounds of laughing, crying, and many others : thus the war-cry 

 of the Indian is no language ; it is an animal sound, like the cry 

 of a wolf, when it calls others to help. But all men have, beyond 

 these animal sounds, the free, flexible language. They not only 

 show to each other, some of the points of their thinking, and feel- 

 ing, and willing ; they show, or can show, all the process which 

 goes on within ; that is, their inner natures can, by means of 

 language, communicate with each other freely. We I'ecognize in 

 language the highest kind of sympatlietic motions. 



Conclusions. Firstly, when trying to study the psychical en- 

 dowments of animals, we have to start from the study of their mo- 

 tions, as the only manifestation of their mental constitutions (fvxf/) 

 which we can perceive. Secondly, There are to be distinguished 

 in animals two kinds of voluntary motion, — the subjective and 

 the sympathetic. The latter furnish the principal data for the 

 study of the psychical rank ; for every higher endowment flows 

 fi'om the sympathy of one feeling and thinking being with 

 another. Sympathy is only a flowing forth of love, and love is 

 the fountain of all moral and intellectual beauty in man. 



Mr. C. J. Sprague stated that he had been informed 

 by a friend, who had recently visited Singapore, of a 

 curious fact, viz : that many of the bodies of the natives 



