232 



and migratory species, will be added to this list hereafter ; and it 

 is almost certain that many others inhabit the adjacent country, 

 which has been very little explored. This, therefore, is only an 

 approximation to a complete list of the birds of Upper Michigan. 



This district is, for the most part, heavily wooded with pines, 

 spruces, firs, balsams, cedars, maples, and birches, and would be 

 naturally supposed to be the favorite retreats of many more birds 

 than are found in it. The stillness of the dark and virgin forests 

 is most remarkable ; and it is only during the few warmer months 

 that the woods lose this dismal character. Snow begins to fall 

 about the middle of November, from which date to the middle of 

 March, scarcely a day passes without a fall of snow some time 

 during the twenty-four hours — hence only the hardier birds re- 

 main during the winter. The numerous small lakes and water- 

 courses are the favorite resorts of many water-birds, some of 

 whom breed here. 



Of mammals, the small fur-bearing animals alone are common ; 

 such as the fox, beaver, otter, fisher, marten, mink, and musk-rat 

 — wolves are quite unknown ; deer scarce, and bears few. Por- 

 cupines and squirrels are numerous. 



FALCONID^. 



1. Golden Eagle. Aquila fulvus, Linn. This bird I have not 

 seen, neither have I met with any one who has seen it beyond a 

 doubt ; though, from the reports of hunters and Indians, I am 

 inclined to think it is found here. 



2. Bald Eagle. Halicetus leucocephalus. Linn. Breeds on the 

 Point and near Portage Lake. 



3. Fish Hawk. Pandion halieetus, Linn. 



4. Gyr-Falcon. Falco Islandiciis, Brliim. I have heard of a 

 white falcon, of large size, (measuring about five feet in the 

 spread of his wings,) which was shot on the Point ; this, I think, 

 must have been the gyr-falcon. 



5. Great-footed Hawk. Falco peregrinus, Linn. 



6. Pigeon Hawk. Hypotriorchis columharius, Linn. 



7. Sparrow Hawk. Tinnunculus sparverius, Linn. 



8. Common Buzzard. Buteo vulgaris, Bechst. 



9. Red-shouldered Hawk. Buteo lineatus, Gmel. 



10. Red-tailed Buzzard. Buteo borealis, Gmel. 



