Brown.] 210 [December 2, 



months of January and February are chiefly characterized by the 

 presence, close along the shores, of the little Guelro (Atherina pres- 

 byter Cuv.), or sand smelt of Madeira, of the common Madeiran her- 

 ring (Clu-pea maderensis) and Sardlnha (Cliipea sardina Cuv.); 

 the last two being captured principally after violent gales and storms, 

 when the swollen rivers or torrents carry down much umd into the 

 sea." 



'•The following species occur in great profusion, more or less, 

 throughout the year, but still most plentifully in spring and summer, 

 viz.; Garoupa (i'e/";"an?<s cainYfa Cuv.) ; Cherne (Poli/prion cernium 

 Cuv. and Val.); Goraz (Pagellus centrodonius Cuv.); Bczugo (Pagel- 

 lus acarue Cuv.J ; Pargo {Pwgus vulgaris Cuv.) ; Boga (^Box vulgaris 

 Cuv.); Bocairao (^Smarts Royeri Bowd.^; Ranhosaor Tronbeta 

 (Lichia glagcos Cuv.); Chicharro or Madeiran horse mackerel (^Caranx 

 Cuvieri) ; Bodiao (Scarus mutah'dis) ; and Abrodea (Phijcis mediter- 

 raneus Lar.). The well known John Dory or Peixe Gallo {Zeus 

 faber L.), and delicate Red Mullet or Salmoneta {MuUus sururn- 

 letus L.), are also taken at all seasons, but more sparingly. The 

 gray mullet or Tainha is captured very plentifully throughout the 

 year, but most abundantly perhaps in June." 



Of the insects, eleven hundred and eighty-six species are found in 

 Madeira. A synopsis of the different genera, as given by Mr. T. 

 Vernon Wollaston in his notes, and cojiied by Mr. White in his hand- 

 book, is inserted below. Only the Coleoptera, however, have been 

 thoroughly investigated. In the elaborate work of Mr. Wollaston, 

 entitled " Insecta Maderensia," he describes four hundred and eighty- 

 three species of beetles; since the publication of his work, seventy- 

 two new species have been added, raising the entire number discov- 

 ered to five hundred and fifty-five species. Under twelve primary 

 sections into which he divides the beetles, are found the following 

 number of species: — Rhyncophora, 111; Bracholytra, 95; Necro- 

 phaga, 94; Geodephaga, GG; Heteromera, 4G; Priocerata, 40 ; Cor- 

 dylocerata, 45; Phytophaga, 23 ; Pseudotrimei-a, 22 ; Philhydinda, 1 6 ; 

 Eucerata, 9; Hydradephaga, 8. 



Other interesting data regarding the Coleoptera are thus given by 

 Mr. White: "The type of this section of the Madeiran fiiuna is in 

 the main Mediterranean ; and it is thought to have a greater aflinity 

 to the fauna of Sicily than that of any other country which has been 

 hitherto investigated. A slight connection with the beetles of Ireland 

 can be traced. One of the striking features of the Coleopterous fauna 

 of Madeira is the absence of numerous genera, and even of whole 



