1 8 SOUTH- AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES. 



at posterior angle. Hind-iving : blackish irroration usually denser than 

 in fore-wing, except near costal mai-gin ; dark border very variable, 

 sometimes broader or considerably broader than in ^, rarely narrower, 

 always ending at extremity of first median nervule. Cilia of fore-wing 

 more mixed with pale-yellow generally, and almost wholly pale-yellow 

 about posterior angle. Under side. — Muck ]jaler {in hind-wing com- 

 monly with a ivhitish cast), with irroration of hlacMsh atoms tisually 

 viore pronounced ; markings as in ^. 



I followed Doubleday in referring this butterfly to Eahel, Fab., in my work 

 above quoted; but Fabricius' description (Mit. Syst., iii. i, p. 204, n. 367) is 

 certainly not applicable to it, and Mr. Butler is apparently right in identifying 

 the Bornean T. TondaJia, Feld., with the Fabrician EaJtel. 



Geyer, who undoubtedly figures (o^;. cit.) a small (J from the Cape of Good 

 Hope, refers it to the nearly-allied T. pidchella, Boisd., from Madagascar and 

 Mauritius ; but, as I hold these forms to be distinct,^ I can only adopt the 

 name of Zoe, given by Hopfier, who (oj?. cit.) describes and figures a $ from 

 Querimba, East Africa, diflering in no respect that I can detect from many 

 South- African specimens before me. 



M. Aurivillius kindly forwarded me a specimen of Wallengren's Drona (op. 

 cit), and I Avas thus enabled satisfactorily to determine it as the ordinary (J 

 Zoe. From the well-known and widely-spread Indian T. Brona of Horsfield, 

 the South-African species is readily distinguished, as far as the ^ is concerned, 

 by its very much deeper yellow ground-colour (the ^ Drona being nearly as 

 pale as the 5 ^oe), narrower and much duller blackish border, and less basal 

 blackish. The 5 s of the two forms are, however, exceedingly close to each 

 other ; but, as far as I have noticed, the Indian one has usually much fainter 

 under-side markings. 



The intimate alliance between T. Zoe and T. Brigitta has already been 

 pointed out {supra, p. 15), as well as the fact of the capture of an ordinary (^ 

 of the former paired with a 5 of the latter. I twice took the paired sexes of 

 Zoe, on the same day (iSth March 1867), in Natal, and have since received 

 from that Colony two pairs captured in coitii by Colonel Bowker, and one by 

 Mr, J. M. Hutchinson ; in all these five cases, as well as in a sixth, where the 

 paired sexes were captured in the Transvaal by Mr. W. Morant, the (J s do not 

 vary, but the $ s exhibit the variations above described as regards both the 

 development of the hind-wing border and the extent of fuscous irroration on 

 the upper side. 



This gaily-hued little butterfly was numerous about open ground throughout 

 such parts of Natal as I visited in the summer of 1867. It is conspicuous on 

 the wing, and, while active, is not swift, but keeps near the ground, and often 

 settles on flowers. Colonel Bowker found it " very common all over the Trans- 

 Kei territory in summer and autumn, frequenting open grassy country." I 

 have taken it near Port Elizabeth, and also about Grahamstown and the neigh- 

 bourhood, but it was rather scarce in both places. The season during which I 

 observed the species was from the end of January to the beginning of April ; 



1 The characters distinguishing T. lyuJchella, Boisd., though slight, appear to be remark- 

 ably constant — a condition of value in such a genus as Terias. They are (iu the S ) a much 

 deeper yellow ground-colour on upper side, and a much broader border — near apex of hind- 

 wing nearly twice as bioad — of an intenser black, with the basal blackish of both wings 

 very much darker ; while (in the 9 ) the border of the fore-wing, singularly enough, is con- 

 spicuously narrower than in the ? Zoe. On the under side both sexes of Pidchella are of a 

 deeper yellow. In Mauritius, where I found this butterfly numerous, it appeared to be 

 larger than the specimens usually received from Madagascar, and with the black border 

 somewhat less broad. 



