PIERIN^. 29 



as tlio upper, and sometimes slightly angulated ; internal nervure ending 

 about middle of inner margin. Lcfjs moderately stout, scaly ; femora 

 with a little hair basally beneath, about equal in length to tibia) ; tarsi 

 rather longer than tibia), both rather densely and strongly spinulose ; 

 terminal spurs of hind-tibia) very small, of middle ones obsolete. 



Abdomen of moderate length, laterally compressed, much arched, 

 larger posteriorly. 



Larva. — Of the ordinary Pierine form, rather attenuated poste- 

 riorly ; clothed with longer hairs than usual in the Sub-Family. Food- 

 plant Zoranthus (in the case of M. AgatJiina). 



Pupa. — Head with frontal process long and recurved upward ; a 

 dorsal series of prominent tubercles (larger on thorax) along middle 

 line of back, and two laterally-projecting claw-shaped processes on 

 each side of basal half of abdomen {M. Agathina and BilppclUi). 



I follow Mr. Butler in thinking that this remarkable section of the 

 old genus Picris is generically separable, considering not only the three- 

 branched subcostal neuration of the fore-wings, but the peculiar /actfs 

 and pattern.^ The curiously tuberculated chrysalis is also a point to 

 be taken into consideration, as well as the slow flight and apparent 

 absence of the onward-moWng Pierine habit. The few known species 

 (about seven or eight) are confined to the Ethiopian Eegion, one {M. 

 Phileris, Boisd.) being peculiar to Madagascar ; they are all closely 

 allied. The three found in South Africa are M. Agathina, (Cram.), 

 which apparently ranges over all Tropical Africa; M. Trimcnia, But!., 

 and 31. Biippellii, Koch, which are found in Eastern Africa as far 

 northward as Abyssinia. These butterflies are of very plain pattern, 

 the ^ s being white above with small hind-marginal black spots ^ {Tri- 

 menia, however, having lemon-yellow hind- wings, and Bilppellii a basal 

 suffusion of orange-red in its fore-wings), while the $ s are more or less 

 deeply and broadly tinged with ochreous-yellow (in Trimcnia entirely 

 confined to the hind-wings), or with fuscous-grey, and usually have the 

 hind-marginal spots rather enlarged. On the under side, Eiqypcllii is 

 almost the same as on the upper side, but Agathina and Trimcnia have 

 the hind-wings and the apex of fore-wings ochre-yellow, the former 

 possessing a conspicuous orange-red basal suffusion in the fore-wings. 



It is of much interest to note that, like the aUied slow-flying but more 

 richly coloured species of the allied Oriental and Australian group, 

 Thyca, Wallengr.,^ some kinds of Mylothris are the subjects of mimicry 



^ In Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, pp. 37, 38, Mr. Butler extended Mylothris to include 

 the South-American P. Pijrrha, Fab., and allies ; but they do not seem at all closely related 

 to the African species with which they are associated, and are usually separated by lepidop- 

 terists under the genus Pcrrhyhris. The 9 s of this group are noted for mimicry of various 

 Heliconinte. 



- In the West-African M. Chloris, (Fab.), the outer three-fifths of the whole area of the 

 hind-wings is uniformly blackish on both surfaces. This species was included in my former 

 work on the strength of Boisduval's giving " Natal " as one of its localities ; but I now omit 

 it, seeing that no South-African example appears to be known. 



^ See Wallace, Trans. Ent. Soc. Land., 3d Ser., iv. pp. 309, 344, and 383. 



