4 SOUTH-AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES. 



discoiclal cell ; first disco-cellular nervule almost always wanting, the 

 upper radial springing from subcostal nervure beyond (or sometimes just 

 at) extremity of cell ; internal nervure rarely developed (Callidryas, 

 Hehomoia, Goneptenjx), and then very short and slender, running into 

 submedian nervure. Hind-wings rounded, very rarely {Gonepteryx) 

 angulated on first or second median nervule, or (a few species of Gcd- 

 lidryas) produced into a long blunt projection at anal angle : costa 

 usually much arched, and very prominent basally ; hind-margin some- 

 times slightly or moderately dentate ; inner margins convex, and form- 

 ing a more or less complete groove under abdomen ; radial nervule 

 almost always originating nearer to subcostal than to median nervure ; 

 internal nervure always well-developed and often long. Legs rather 

 short (except in Leptalis), usually slender, almost hairless except at base 

 of femora beneath ; tibiee short, the terminal spurs of the middle and 

 hind pairs very small ; tarsi long, especially their first joint, and with 

 bifid terminal claws. 



AMomen slender, arched, usually of moderate leugih or rather 

 short (long in Lc2icophasia, and in Leptalis extending beyond hind- 

 wings). ' 



Larva. — Elongate, cylindrical, without segmental constriction, 

 somewhat tapering anteriorly and posteriorly, without spines or other 

 appendages, clothed with a more or less developed very short pubes- 

 cence, rarely with longer hairs. 



Pupa. — Rather elongate, usually with a more or less prominent 

 median dorsal ridge (higher on thorax), and with the thorax and base 

 of abdomen laterally angulated ; often much curved backward, and 

 with wing-covers forming a very convex ridge upon breast ; head with 

 a single acute projection in front directed forward. 



The affinity of this Sub-Familly to the Paiyilioninm is clearly shown 

 by the perfect condition of the first pair of legs, and the general form 

 and silken girth of the chrysalis ; but it differs widely in the neuration 

 of the fore-wings, the form of antennte and palpi, the convex (instead 

 of concave) inner margin of the hind-wings, the absence of any middle 

 spur or process on the tibia3 of the first pair of legs, the form of the 

 caterpillar, and the single-pointed (instead of bifid) head of the chry- 

 salis. Doubleday {op. cit.) pointed out that some Pierincc approached 

 very near to the Lycanidcc, instancing specially the genus Terias ; 

 and Mr. Butler has described and figured as one of the Fierince, Larino- 

 poda lycceno'idcs, a very curious West-African butterfly, which, with 

 a general resemblance to Pontia, appears structurally to be in some 

 respects intermediate between Eronia and the Lyc^nide genus Dclo- 

 ne/iira} I have above (vol. ii. pp. 225, 227, and 234) called attention 

 to the relation to the Fierince shown by the perfect fore-legs in both 



1 Mr. W. F. Kirby (lihop. Exot., Pt. ii., Oct. 1SS7) states that Larinopoda is now more 

 correctly referred, both by Mr. Butler and others, to the Lyccmidce, being nearly related 

 to Liptena and allies. 



