PIERIN^. 53 



There are many iutermediato grades in both sexes, but I noticed 

 at Knysna, in the Cape Colony, that while in the late spring and 

 early summer the densely-irrorated form prevailed, in the autumn it 

 was almost always the rather larger sparsely-irrorated specimens that 

 were met with. A densely-irrorated $, received from Colonel Bowker, 

 was taken at Iving William's Town, however, as late as i st May ; but 

 in January and February 1870 all the examples I captured near 

 Grahamstown were sparsely irrorated. In August 1865 I took a $ 

 intermediate in irroration near D'Urban, Natal. 



Charina is well distinguished homFigea,'Boisd., and Alha,'Wal\engr., 

 by its smaller size and much more lustrous surface gloss in both sexes, 

 and by the costal macular streak beyond the middle of the fore-wings 

 in the $, while its under side in both sexes, apart from the variable 

 dark irroration, presents a dark terminal disco-cellular spot and several 

 other dark marks in the basal ai-ea. There is no tendency to yellow 

 on the upper side of the hind-wing of the $ Charina, and on the 

 imder side, when a yellow tint prevails, it is exceedingly pale and dull. 



The figure (Plate X. fig. 4) represents a ^ of the densely-irrorated 

 form, but does not give the under side with sufficient accuracy, the 

 irrorations being much too rufous as well as the spots, and the latter 

 on the disc being run together into a streak instead of being kept 

 separate. 



Wherever woods extend on the eastern side of South Africa this butterfly 

 seems to be found in some abundance. It flies actively, and at Knysna I often 

 observed a good many specimens congregated about flowering bushes. On the 

 6th February 1870 I saw a large number, in company Avith even greater flights 

 of P. Gidica and Severina, flying for some hours over the long liill at High- 

 lands, near Grahamstown; though all going onward in the same direction, 

 many of them occasionally stopped to visit flowers, and then resumed their 

 journey. Mrs. Barber informed me that at the beginning of Kovember 1867 

 immense flights of these three species, with the addition of many P. Zochalia, 

 passed over Highlands for three consecutive days in the same direction, not- 

 withstanding several changes of Avind during that time. 



I have not found any record of Charina's occurrence beyond South Africa 

 proper, but the very closely-related Simana, Hopffer, Avhich is perhaps only 

 a variety of Charina^ inhabits Tropical East Africa. 



Localities of Pier is Charina. 



I. South Africa. 

 B. Cape Colony. 



a. Western Districts. — Knysna. Plettenberg Bay. 

 h. Eastern Districts. Port Elizabeth (TF. D' Urban). Uilenhage 

 {S. D. Bairstoic). Grahamstown. Kowie Eiver (/. L. Fry), 

 and Kleinemond River (H. J. Atherston). Bathurst District. 

 King William's Town (IF. D'Urban and /. H. Boiclier). 

 D. Kaffraria Proper. — Butterworth and Bashce Eiver (/. H. Boiulcer). 



^ Two (5 s from this localit}', captured by Mr. A. D. Millar on 17th September 18S7, are 

 also of this intermediate deirree of under-side irroration. 



