iS4 SOUTH-AFEICAX BUTTERFLIES. 



Mr. Butler (pp. cii.) has proposed to reduce CaUidnjas to the 

 American Euhule, Linn., and eight allies, in which the ^ has no 

 brush of hairs in either wing. The other New World species he 

 assigns to two genera, viz., Aphrissa, represented by Statira, Cram., 

 and seven allies, in which also the $ has no tuft, but the $ has the 

 terminal joint of the palpi lengthened, — and Fhcehis, including Cipris, 

 Cram., and eleven others, in which the $ has the tuft near the base of 

 the hind-wings. The Old World species, Crocale, Cram., and thirteen 

 others, characterised by the ^ having the tuft near the base of the 

 fore-wings, he places in the genus CatojJsiUa. While recognising these 

 divisions as convenient and natural sections of the genus Callidryas, I 

 cannot find that they are structurally entitled to generic rank. In the 

 important feature of neuration there is but little variation, and the 

 slight differences (above mentioned) that do occur are not charac- 

 teristic of, or confined to any one of the divisions.^ 



In the ^ s of this genus, the inner edge of the space of raised 

 scales is mostly well marked in both wings ; it usually follows an 

 irregular course, and when (as often occurs) the colouring is different — 

 yellow and white or yellowish-white, or orange and yellow — on each 

 side of it, the effect is very remarkable. In most of the South- 

 American species the space forms a narrow hind-marginal border, 

 with the inner edge regularly festooned. The tuft or brush of long 

 silky hairs is often not apparent in $ specimens of the Old World 

 group, being folded back on that part of the inner margin which is 

 hidden by the costal convexity of the hind-wings. 



Callidryas is in neuration and most other structural points rather 

 nearly allied to Gonepteryx, but is well distinguished by its longer, 

 much thinner, less stoutly-clubbed, not curved anteunpe and shorter 

 palpi, its less haiiy thorax, and entire (instead of falcate and angu- 

 lated) wings. 



In addition to the special sexual badges above mentioned, wide 

 distinctions in colour also mark most of the ,^ s of Callidryas. This 

 is very strikingly shown in some West-Indian species, of wdiich C. 

 Avellaneda, Herr.-Schpeff. — the most splendid species in the genus — 

 presents in the fore-wings an irregular median patch of deep crimson 

 and an outer border of orange on a ground of lemon-yellow ; and C. 

 Oi-his, Poey, a perfect circle of orange on the lemon-yellow basal half 

 of the fore-wings, which outwardly are white. There is much less 

 sexual disparity in the Old AVoiid species ; several of the Indian 

 forms {Pyranthc, Linn., and allies) present plain greenish-white black- 

 bordered ^ s and ^ s ; and the African C. flordla includes an almost 



^ Mr. Distant {op. cit.) observes, in adopting Catopsilia, that the sj^ecies of the Old and 

 New Worlds " are generically quite distinct, the peculiarity in neuration of the wings 

 being sufficient to easily separate them ; " but he does not specify in what the peculiarity 

 consists. ]\Ir. Butler mentions no distinguishing characters of neuration in his proposed 

 gtnera. 



