194 SOUTH-AFRICAX BUTTERFLIES. 



wliile Teinopalpus and ArmamUa are just on the adjacent northern 

 boundary of the Oriental Eegion. 



Thais and Dor it is are limited in range to the Mediterranean Sub- 

 Eegion, and Liichdorfia to the Siberian eastern shore. 



The Australian Eegion has one peculiar genus {Eurycus), and the 

 Neo-Tropical another {Euryades) ; the African Eegion has hitherto 

 yielded species of Papilio only. 



The Papilionincc, though not a very numerous Sub-Family, are 

 pre-eminent for their combination of large size, variety of form, and 

 richness of colouring. The hargest and (with the exception perhaps of 

 the Nymphaline genus Morpho) most splendid of butterflies are the 

 Orninwp)tercc of the Malayan Archipelago — a few species extend the 

 genus to India on the one hand and Australia on the other, — magnificent 

 creatures, whose males are velvety-black with crimson-marked thorax, 

 long golden-yellow abdomen, and wings banded and patched with 

 vivid green (changing into golden or blue in some species) or rich 

 yellow, and whose duller whitish-barred and spotted females are even 

 larger than their mates, measuring from 7 to 8^ inches across the 

 expanded fore-wings. T\\qyqxy \&o\QXQ,()i Papilio Antimachiis of Western 

 Africa, though smaller in body, owing to the extraordinary elongation 

 of the fore-wings has a still wider expanse, varying from 7I to 9^ 

 inches. Nearly all the Papilionince are above the middle size, except 

 the genera Thais, Doritis, and part of Parnassius ; and the only 

 really small forms are the species of Lcptocircus (exp. i^ — if inches), 

 which make the most of their diminutive stature by the extraordinary 

 length of their caudate hind-wings. 



Familiar representatives of the group are the " Swallow-Tails " of 

 Europe, P. Machaoii (found in England) and P. Podalirius, and the 

 beautiful " Apollo " butterflies of the Alps {Parnassius Ap)ollo and P. 

 .Ddins) Nearly all the Papilionino) (except certain protected groups 

 of Papilio in South America and Indo-Malaya) are strong on the 

 wing, and many arc remarkably swift and lofty flyers. Many species of 

 the genus Papilio — especially those of the Podalirius group or " Swallow- 

 Tails " jJar excellence — are attracted by the moisture at the margins of 

 streams and pools, and observers in tropical regions record with admi- 

 ration the often immense assemblages of these lovely insects at such 

 drinking stations. 



Genus PAPILIO. 



Papilio, Linn, (part), Syst. Nat., i. 2, p. 744 (1767); Fab. Syst. Ent., p. 



442 (1775). 

 Fapiiio, Latreille, " Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins., xiv. p. loS (1805) ;" and Enc. 



Meth., ix. p. 9 (18 1 9). 

 Papilio, Boisduval, Sp. Gen. Lep., i. p. 1S3 (1836). 

 Fapiiio, Doubleday, Gen. Diuni. Lep., i. p. 5 (1846). 



Imago. — Head large, clothed with short hair, often with a frontal 

 tuft of longer hair ; eyes ovate, very prominent, smooth ; jj«/^ji very 



