PAPILIONIN.E. 199 



only in hind-wings, in $ also in fore-wings and a second parallel series 

 in hind-wings). 



(One species : 7'. Euphranor, Trim.) 



Group 7. — P. Bchcnoides, Trim., representative. Sexes very dis- 

 similar. Structure generally much as in Group 5. Fore-wings with 

 costa much arched, apex bluntly protuberant, rounded ; hind-wings 

 rounded, only slightly dentate, not produced interiorly, without tail. 

 lUack ; ^ with a common sulphur-yellow discal band, broad in hind- 

 wings, macular and narrowing inferiorly in hind-wings ; $ with white 

 discal spots in fore-wings, an ochre-yellow sub-basal patch in hiiid- 

 W'ings ; and a common submarginal series of rounded white spots : — 

 mimicking Amawris Echcria. 



(One species: P. Echerioidcs, Trim.) 



Of these fifteen South-African species, only the two last named 

 (Eiqihra7io7- and Echcrioides) and Morania appear to be peculiar to the 

 sub-region ; indeed, Echerioides is reported by Plotz to have been 

 found in the Cameroons in West Africa ; but it is possible that the 

 nearly allied P. Zoroastres, Druce, may have been mistaken for it. Of 

 the rest, seven species extend over the Southern Tropical belt {Brasi- 

 das apparently only on the Western, and Colonna, Portliaon, Cenea, and 

 Ophidicephalus only on the Eastern side) ; while the six others range 

 into both tropics, Demolcus alone appearing to occupy the entire Ethio- 

 pian Eegion.^ 



The Larvae, from their size and colouring, and disregard of con- 

 cealment, and also from the attachment of many of them to orange- 

 trees and other cultivated plants, are better known than those of most 

 other important genera, especially in the case of the Indian and 

 IMalayan species. They are mostly of some shade of green, here and 

 there varied with transverse or longitudinal or oblique paler or 

 darker markings of subdued tints ; but the Indian P. dissimilis has a 

 dark-grey tuberculated caterpillar, varied with bright sulphur-yellow 

 bands and crimson spots ; and the strongly tuberculated larvas of the 

 Oriental groups, represented by P. Nox, P. Coon, and P. Polydorus, are of 

 a purplish or purplish-red colour.^ They are exceedingly inactive, only 

 moving from one leaf to another as food is required. The food-plants 

 of the several groups are characteristic ; the true " Swallow-Tails " 

 (Group I, supra, Pul ice lies, &c.), and the section next to them (Group 2, 

 supra, Lconidas, &c.), being found on Anonacecc ; the Dcmohus group 

 on UmheUifeiw and Putacea), and the Mrens and Cenea groups on 

 Pi'fficecc. 



1 It is noteworthy that this dominant PapU'io is the only African species of the genus 

 that has a close ally in the Oriental Region, P. Erithonins representing it in India, China, 

 the Malayan Archipelago, and (under a slight variation) Australia. 



^ These latter species feed on Aristolochia, and it is curious to find that the larvre of 

 the genera Ornithoptera and Thais, which live on the fame group of plants, are similarly 

 coloured and tuberculated. 



