PAPILIONIN.E. 225 



on tarsi. Abdomen black above irrorated with sulpliur-yellow ; laterally 

 and beneath yellow, with a lateral and an inferior longitudinal black 

 streak on each side, 



$ Like $, but slightly duller and paler. Hind-iving : first spot of 

 submarginal row, bounding costal ocellus, more or less stained with 

 dull-reddish on its inner side. 



Larva. — Pale yclloivish-grccn, marlled with purple or purplish- grey, 

 running in irregular transverse, and in places irregularly confluent, 

 markings on the sides. Numerous pale-ferruginous, small, ocellate 

 spots sprinkled about purple markings. A broad longitudinal white 

 stripe above spiracles. Head and legs pale sandy-brown, as well as 

 two small pointed tubercles on segment next head, from between which 

 is protruded, when the animal is irritated, a crimson Y-shaped tentacle- 

 like organ, emitting a very peculiar pungent odour. Two similar 

 smaller tubercles on anal segment. A very sluggish larva, and very 

 variable in the distribution of its colours. The young caterpillar 

 differs strikingly from the full-grown one, being very dark, without 

 green colouring, and clothed with short spines. Feeds on Umhelliferce, 

 Bulon galbamcm and gummiferum, and in gardens on the fennel. Among 

 trees it is common on the orange and lemon ; ^ and Mrs. Barber noted 

 that near Grahamstown it also fed on Vepris lanceolata (the " white 

 ironwood ") and Rijpohromics alata ; while in Natal Colonel Bowdcer 

 found it on Calodendron capense (the " wild chestnut "). 



Pupa. — Elongate, rather slender anteriorly ; head bluntly but 

 deeply bifid, the projections irregularly dentate on the inner edge, and 

 with a denticulated superior ridge inclining outward ; thorax mode- 

 rately angulated laterally, its dorsal projection rather acute, considerably 

 elevated as to its anterior edge ; abdomen widening from base to hind 

 part of third segment, where it is very slightly angulated, and thence 

 narrowing gradually to tail. On back of abdomen four rows of tubercles, 

 of wdiich those of the two middle rows (especially on fourth, fifth, and 

 sixth segments) are larger and more prominent ; also a solitary mesial 

 tubercle on back of second segment, and a tuberculated ridge margin- 

 ing from base to widest parts. Surface generally rough, with here 

 and there minute acute tubercule, anteriorly on under side. 



Variable in colouring ; usually ashy-grey or brownish-grey (when, 

 as usual, attached to the old stems of its food-plants, which it closely 

 resembles), but often much tinged with pale dull-sandy or ochreous- 

 yellow, and more rarely with greenish. Prominences of head and peak 



^ I noticed at Highlands, near Grahamstown, that the larvae feeding on the orange were 

 all of a darker green than the umbellifer-feeders above described, and with the purple bands 

 (though strongly and broadly marked) limited to the three thoracic and six succeeding seg- 

 ments. The head was almost ferruginous and the pro-legs pale greenish-grey. Mrs. Barber 

 wrote to me in 1S69 that she once, in a season of great drought, when most insects were 

 unusually scarce, found a cuckoo in a very weakly state, with its crop full of Denioleua larvs, 

 and she considered that necessity had compelled the bird to swallow these distasteful creatures, 

 which are in the habit of feeding fully exposed on flowers and leaves, but appear, as a rule, 

 to be entirely unmolested by insectivorous animals. 



VOL. III. p 



