2 28 SOUTII-AFKICAX BUTTEEFLIES. 



red of the aiial-anuular ocellus extends baseward, so as to occupy 

 nearly the whole marking. On the under side the fore-wings pre- 

 sent a subapical short series of dull golden-yellow spots between 

 the discal and subniarginal series ; and in the hind-wings all the 

 yellow markings are so much enlarged as to occupy nearly the 

 whole around of the wing except the discal series of dull golden- 

 yellow blue- and black-edged markings, commencing with the costal 

 ocellus.'^ 



P. Demolens is an active and powerful flyer, but does not attain the eleva- 

 tion exhibited on the wing by both P. Nireus and P. Cenea. It is fond of 

 sporting about rocky knolls on the slopes or summits of hills. It occurs com- 

 monly over open ground generally, and is a frequent visitor to garden-flowers. 

 On Table Mountain I have noticed tbat it seemed to favour Agapantlius, when 

 that flower was in bloom ; and at Plettenberg Bay it sometimes entered the 

 woods to feast on the honey of Pluvibcujo. The butterfly usually first appears 

 in the Western districts about the end of September (but I bave seen it as 

 early as the 6th), and remains out until the beginning or middle of April. 

 There appears to be a succession of broods during the hot months, as I have 

 taken full-grown larva at different dates in November, December, and Feb- 

 ruary, and obtained the perfect insects after a pupation varying from fourteen 

 to twenty-seven days ; but from larvae full-grown in April the butterflies do 

 not emerge until the succeeding September or October. 



Tins butterfly has an exceedingly wide Ethiopian distribution, and is the 

 only Papilio tbat has penetrated to the Cape peninsula. It is common in 

 Madagascar, and has been recorded by Mr. Butler from the Comoro Islands ; 

 but it^was not known in Mauritius when I visited that island in 1865. But 

 in March and April 1870 it appeared in Port Louis in some numbers, and 

 was in July of the same year successfully introduced (by means of five larvae 

 and three pupce sent by M. Bouton to Dr. Vinson) into Reunion, becoming 

 numerous there in 1871. (See Anmial Report of Jioyal Society of Arts and 

 Sciences, Mauritms, 1871, p. v. ; and Transactions of the same body, N.S., vol, 

 vi. p. 30, 1872). Mr. Bourke hiformed me that the butterfly abounded all 

 alon"- the coast of Tropical Western Africa. 



Localities of Fapilio Dcmoleus. 



I. South Africa. 



B. Cape Colony. 



a. Western Districts. — Cape Town. Ilout Bay and Simon's Town, 

 Cape District. Stellenl)oscli. Paarl. Bain's Kloof. IMichell's 

 Pass, Tulbagh District. Robertson. Montagu. Swellen- 

 dam {L. Taats). Oudtshoorn ( — Adams). Ivnysna and Plet- 

 tenberg Bay. 



^ Erithonins has a very wide range through India, the Malayan Islands, China, &c., and 

 (as the very slight variation Sthenelus, Mach., cannot be regarded as a good species) Aus- 

 tralia. Judging from the figures given in Moore's Lcpidoptera of Ceylon (i. pi. 61), the 

 larva of Erithonius is very like the darker larvae of Demoleus, but has two distinct collars of 

 small sub-ocellate pale-ferruginous spots on third thoracic and first abdominal segments, and 

 the markings on the sides blacker and (except for some scattered small spots) restricted to 

 abdominal segments 7-9. The pupa is represented as dull-green, with a greenish-yellow 

 back. 



