236 SOUTH-AFKICAN BUTTERFLIES. 



but faintly indicated ; orange anal-angular spot wanting, or represented 

 by a few scales ; in discoidal cell an indistinct bifurcate black streak. 



Head black, with two well-marked frontal pale sulphur-yellow 

 spots, two (less distinct) at bases of antennre, and two posterior to 

 these ; inferior part of ring round eyes and palpi pale sulphur-yellow, 

 the latter with a black ring. Thorax brownish-black above, with three 

 pairs of very indistinct yellowish spots on prothorax and an almost 

 imperceptible yellow streak on pterygodes ; beneath chocolate-brown ; 

 le<TS black, the femora yellowish-white beneath. Abdomen brownish 

 black above, pale-brown laterally, chocolate-brown beneath. 



^ Didler ; ground-colour not so dark, markings yelloivcr, hroader ; 

 in fore-wing a suhmargincd series of five additional yelloiv spots, and in 

 hind-wing an iniier roto of yelloiv spots running parallel to the sub- 

 marginal scries. Fore-wing : uppermost of the five additional rounded 

 spots (which prolong the short apical series of three to just above sub- 

 median nervure) almost always confluent with third spot of transverse 

 stripe. Hind-icing: inner row of spots not far before submarginal 

 row, similarly arranged, but the spots in every pair usually confluent, 

 — the last of the series forming a rather conspicuous orange anal- 

 angular lunulate spot ; hind-margiual lunule beyond this sometimes 

 tinged with orange. Under side. — Like that of $, but in fore-wing 

 five additional spots well defined, and in hind-wing some of the inner 

 row of spots tolerably distinct, including the orange lunulate spot. 



In size and general appearance P. Eupliranor is not unlike P. Con- 

 stantinus, Ward, but may at once be distinguished by its differently- 

 formed, wider, and yellower discal stripe ; unspotted tails ; chocolate- 

 brown under side without black inter-nervular rays ; brown under 

 surface of body ; and antennas not tipped with yellow. Its true alliance, 

 however, is not with Constantinus or the Thcrsander group, but with 

 the large and singular West-African P. Hesperus, Westw., and P. 

 horribilis, Butl., as will readily be recognised on comparing the colour- 

 in" and pattern of the under side, the neuration and outline of the 

 wings, and the form and colouring of the body, notwithstanding the 

 much smaller size of Euphranor and its very different upper side 

 pattern. 



This fine Papilio, which appears to be peculiar to Southern Africa, Avas dis- 

 covered by Colonel Bowker at the end of the year 1865, near the River Tsomo, 

 a tributary of the Ivei, in Kaffraria Proper. It was found numerously at the 

 Boolo Forest about the end of November and again in February ; its fliglit being 

 described as "like that of P. ophidicephalus, but higher, and often extended 

 from the forest to the open."^ A living specimen of the puj^a was forwarded 

 to me, but tlie perfect insect emerged on the journey, so that only the pupal 



1 I am ahuost sure that it was this butterfly— if not, it was some very near ally— of 

 which I saw several examples in a forest at Tunjumbili, on the Tugela frontier of Natal, 

 early in March 1867. Their flight was limited to a small open space, across which they 

 constantly passed at a considerable height, often settling on the lofty trees on either side. 



