PAriLIONIN.E. 251 



uppermost ; and the general resemblance of the insect to the leaflets of 

 its food-plant, which in outline is very remarkable, is thus completed, 

 V. lanceolata having the leaflets darker above and paler below. Mr. 

 Weale further points out that such minutite as the more glossy upper 

 surface of the leaflets, the slight inilexion of their margins, the slightly 

 ferruginous tint of the mid-rib, and the reticulated venation, are all to 

 some extent imitated in this chrysalis. The modifications of shape and 

 outline which combine with the colouring to complete this deceptive 

 resemblance are unusually great, when the pupa is compared with 

 those of other species of rainlio. Not only is the whole pupa much 

 flattened, and the convexity of the ventral and pectoral region balanced 

 by an unusual concavity of the dorsal region (with almost a suppres- 

 sion of the dorso-thoracic prominence), but the development and ex- 

 pansion of the lateral longitudinal ridges is very pronounced. Tiie 

 cephalic projections, however, exhibit the most unique form. If these 

 had retained the customary conspicuous divergence into two promi- 

 nent processes, as in P. Dcmolcus, P. Lyceus, &c., it is obvious that the 

 general resemblance to a leaf would have been greatly lessened, and 

 the object of concealment to some extent frustrated. These projections 

 are, however, brought closely together, so that their inner edges touch 

 throughout their length to the very extremity, and their outer edges 

 converge to a common point ; and in this manner the top of the leaf 

 is accurately represented. 



P. Cema is a very near ally of P. Merope, Cram. (Paj). Ewt., tab. 

 151, A, B, and 378 D, e), from West Africa,^ and it was not until 

 1873 that I became convinced that the two forms should be treated 

 as distinct species. As regards the 6 , Ccnca is to be distinguished by 

 its shorter wings, darker and more rufescent under-side colouring, 

 shorter tail on hind-wings, much fainter inter-nervular dark rays on 

 the under side in both fore and hind wings, and broader and more con- 

 tinuous (ferruginous-ochreous, not fuscous) discal band on the under 

 side of the hind-wings. With respect to the $ s, the first or ordinary 

 Southern form {Cenea, Stoll) — which is imitative of a Southern species 

 of Panaincc, Amauris Echcria — appears to have no analogue in Tropical 

 West Africa ; but the much rarer sccojid form is very like the ordinary 

 West-Coast $ Mcropc named by Fabricius P. Hippocoon, being separable 

 very readily, however, by its smaller size, shorter wings, narrower sub- 

 apical white bar in the fore-wings, and much larger white patch in the 

 hind-wings. The equally scarce third form {Troplwnius, Westw.) was 

 evidently originally figured from a Southern example ; and its appar- 

 ently rare Western analogue, figured by Hewitson {Exot. Butt., iv. 

 Papilio xii. f. 40), presents as regards the fore-wings a broader, more 

 oblique, almost wholly brick-red subapical bar, but (unlike the form 

 Hippocooii of the same region) has quite as broad a patch in the hind- 



^ Fabricius' name oi Brutus waf5 given to the same butterfly in 17S1, two years later than 

 Cramer's publication of his earlier figures (vol. ii.). 



