10 



needed. The females should be held by the pin head 

 between the thumb and first finger, with the body 

 resting on the second finger. It should then be 



brushed with a short stiif brush on the ventral surface, 

 which will expose the lodix and genital plate, which can 

 then be easily examined with a lens. 



NOMENCLATURE AND DESCRIPTIONS. 



It has been found necessary to construct, as far as 

 possible, a typical set of organs giving to each a 

 distinctive name. This so far has never been done. 

 Various writers having used various terms for the parts. 

 These I have endeavoured to make use of, adding 

 thereto names for those parts that I believe to be 

 undescribed. It must be understood that in the 

 descriptions following, the specimens are examined from 

 beneath, with the uncus at the top. 



MALE. 



The ninth abdominal segment consists of The 

 Tegumen, the base of which rests on the plane of the 

 ventral surface of the abdomen, the upper part curving 

 anally, until it lies longitudinally in the plane of the 

 dorsal surface. It is a flattened sac of thin chitine, 

 enclosed in a stronger ring, the dorsal point of which 

 is called The UncUS, and the basal portion The 

 Vinculum. This ring is sometimes articulated, in 

 the middle laterally, enabling the uncus half to be 

 thrown backward towards the head. 



The Uncus, present in all the NoctuidcE, is of 

 hardened chitine and occupies in this group the central 

 upper part of the tegumen. It varies considerably in 

 shape, and may be a single hook, bifurcate or trifurcate 

 or even bifid or trifid. When divided to the base, the 

 side portions will sometimes travel to wide distances 

 apart, upon the edge of the tegumen. However widely 



