15 



Spinose ; clothed with spines. 



Hairy ; clothed with hairs. 



Scobinated ; with rasp like teeth. 



Squamous ; scaled. 



Dentated ; teeth larger than scobinations. 



Crested ; edged with large teeth. 



Serrated ; edged with small teeth. 



CLASSIFICATION. 



It may be taken as an axiom that no single stage 

 or organ can be used exclusively for the purpose of 

 classification of the Lepidoptera. Any attempt at this 

 must fail entirely. But it cannot be denied that the 

 genitalia are most important features in many cases. 



Certain genera can often be distinguished by the 

 general uniformity of the organs, some genera 

 assuming so distinct a pattern, and the individuals in- 

 cluded, running so close, that only minute differences 

 separate them into species. Others ar-e superficially 

 so very different, that they can only with difficulty be 

 connected into genera. 



Occasionally in a long run of species there will be 

 a sudden divergence, and were it not for the accepted 

 relationship, combined with the study of the larvse, ova, 

 &c. ; it would be impossible to imagine them to belong 

 to the same genus. 



It will therefore be seen, that great care must be 

 taken that a divergent species is not separated from a 

 natural genus. In this work classification is largely 

 based on the genital organs. It is not however put 

 forward as the only true system, but that the student 

 may use it in his studies from this particular standpoint. 



VALUE. 



It will be necessary to give some idea of the value 

 of the genital characters. In his great work " The 



