~ §90 ORD. XXXV. ae. eet eares,. 
of Sicily and Calabria.* It was first Sea into England about 
seventy years ago, by Dr. Uvedale;° and at present adorns many of 
the gardens of this country. 
The Ornus is not the only species of ash which produces Manna; 
the rotundifolia and excelsior, especially in Sicily, also afford this 
_ drug, though less abundantly, Many other trees and shrubs have 
likewise been observed, in certain seasons and situations, to emit 
a sweet juice, which concretes on exposure to the air, and may be 
considered as of the manna kind.« In Sicily the three species’ of 
the Fraxinus, mentioned above, are regularly cultivated for the 
purpose of procuring Manna, and with this view are planted on 
the declivity of a hill, with an eastern aspect. After ten yeats 
growth, the trees first begin to yield the Bante but they require 
* The Ornus is observed by Dr. Cirillo to be very common on the famous 
mountain Garganus, so that the words of Horace may still apply 5 ; 
aut Aquilonibus 
Querceta Gargani laborant, 
A Et foliis viduantur orni. L. ii. Od, 9. 
> Vide Hort Kew. » 
© Dr. Cullen is certainly right in supposing ‘‘ Manna a part of the sugar so. 
universally present in vegetables, and which exudes on the surface of a great 
number of them;’’ the qualities of these exudations he thinks are “ very little 
if at all different.”” The principal trees known to produce these manias in 
different climates and seasons, are the larch, (vide Murray Ap. Med. é. p..17.) 
_ the fir, (lac. V. Engestrom in Physiogr. Salskapets Handl. Vol.i. P. 3. p. 144.) 
the orange, (De La Hire Hist. de Vacad. d. sc. de Paris, 1708.) the walnut, 
(Hal. Stirp. Hetv. N. 1624.) the willow, (Mousset in Du Hamel. Physique des 
pa P. i. p. 152.) the mulberry, (Micheli in Tragioni Tozzetti Via aggt, Tom. 
p- 424.) oaks, situated between Merdin and Diarbekir (Niebuhr Beschreib 
r: Par p- 145. Otter, Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, Vol. 2. p. 264.) also 
oaks in Persia near Khounsar (Otter. I. c.) the al hagi Maurorum, or the 
hedysarum alhagi of Linneus; of this manna Dr. F othergill presented a specimen 
io the Royal Society, which he considered as the Tereniabin of the Arabians, 
(Phil. Trans. Vol. 43. p. 87.) the cistus ladaniferus in some parts of Spain pro. 
duces a manna, which, in its recent state, has no purgative quality, and is eaten 
by the shepherds: so that some fermentation seems necessary to give it a cathartic 
power, (Vide Dillon’s Travels through “Be tigi ps.127.) 
