76 VERBENA CEJE. 



describe the "yws of the Greeks and the Yitex of tlie Romans. 

 The hemes under the names of Hab-el-fakad and Samhhalu-ke- 

 bij are imported into India and are considered to be astringent, 

 resolvent, and deobstrnent, and useful for removing obstructions 

 of the brain and liver ; tbey are also giveu for enlargement of 

 the spleen and dropsy. V. Af/ims-casfus is also called by the Arabs 

 >^u-khamsata aurak, '' tbe five-leaved/' and in Egypt is kno^vu 

 as Kaf 3Iiryara, '' the hand of Mary/' Amonj? the ancients 

 it was sacred to Escidapius, and ^-aa considered symbolical of 

 chastity. In the Middle Ages the fmit was known as " Monks' 

 pepper." The fruit is sold in Bombay as liennlca, the true 

 reuvika {Pi^er aurantictcum) is not known in "Western India. 



Description. — A small, dull gray, ovoid fntit, the size 

 of a duckshot, half enclosed in the calyx, to which a portion of 

 the peduncle remains attached. Upon section it is found to. be 

 extremely hard, and, if perfect, to consist of four cells, each 

 containing a small flat seed. Generally one or more of the 

 cells are abortive. 



G/iamcfd co)))2)osftm}.~i:}io seed of F. Agmts-castm has been 

 found to contain a peculiar bitter principle called Castine, a 

 volatile acrid substance, a large quantity of free acid and fat 

 oil. In Greece the fresh and rather unripe berries are said to 

 be added to the must of the grape to render the wine more 

 intoxicating, and prevent it from turning sour. {Landerer, 

 Bnchn., Repert. In:, 20; LXXXI., 229; Buc/in. A". Eeperf., 

 III., 392.) 



(.4:9. 



CLERODENDRON INERME, Oartu-. 



Fig,— Gartn. Frucf, L, t. 57, /. 1 ; Eheede, Ilort. Mai. r 



*f 



Hab.— India and Ceylon, near the sea. The leaves. 



T' r»ac/f?flr.-Sangkupi, Cbhoti-arni {m»d.), Isamdhaii 



ij^"^^'-} Shen-gaukuppi {Tarn.), Pisbinika, Uticbettu (T^^^.)' 



mu^oi (Benff.), Koivel, Vanajai, Labdn-Uu^ri-narvel {Mar.), 

 Naitakkile (CaN.). 



