178 PIP En ACE JE. 



portion is cultivated. It, as well as tlie ipepper^ is chiefly 

 employed mediciually^ and the consumption of both these drugs 

 is very great." Fiper long urn was formerly cultivated at Poway, 

 near Bombay; it appears to grow well in gardens in Bombay, 

 but requires plenty of manure. 



Pippali-mula, with the synonyms Kana-mida, Katu-grantm, 

 TJshana-granthika, Chataka and Chataka-shira, is described an 

 the Nighantas a« having the same properties as long popp^^^- 

 P. C/mba, which produces the long pepper of European com- 

 merco, is the Chavi, Chavika and Chavya of Sanskrit writers. 

 It is considered to have the same properties as P. longnw. ^^^ 

 araents are sold in the bazars as Mothi pippali, and the stem as 

 Chub, Chai or Chavak. 



The oblong black pepper of Theoi^hrastiis (H. P., i^-. 22) ^'"S 

 probably long pepper. Dioscorides, in his article upon the three 

 poppers, mentions a pepper root, and says itxeseuibles Costus, n 

 a hot taste, and cavises salivation w^ien chewed. This drug ^^ 

 probably Galangal, which is known as Pan-ki-jar or rod <^ 

 rip*u^ Betle, because its odour somewhat resembles that o 

 Betlc Icavca. 



Description."--The ament of P. C/iala, tlielongpepP^^ ^^ 

 l^uropean commerce, consists, of a nudtitudc of minute bac^*^ 

 fruits, closely packed round a common nxis, the whole forming 



i 



^ 



I 



a spike 1 i iuch long unci i inch thick. The spike is supported ufl 

 a staljv 4 nn iuch long; it is rounded above and below, and tafCW 

 ^^'o'litly towards its upper end. The fruits are ovoid, -^ ^ 

 an inch long, crowned with a ulpple-like point (stigma), a»^ 

 ar..aigefl spirally with a small peltate bract beneath each- 

 Boiuath the pericarp, the thin brown testa encloses a colourle** 

 albumen, of winch the obtu .r end h occupied b%' the smJ»l' 

 embryo. The colourof cununercial long pepper Is greyish-'^ Wt*^ 

 as if it had Ix .n rollcfl in some carthv powder When wo^htd 

 the spikt .r*. rea.lUb-brott n. The drug huo u burning aronK«- 

 Uc tu>s snd jm agreeable o<1out. 



'IIh at of r. r,- .. ,„ h„ ^ ^.^^^^ • , vKturo Ud i^ "Hort*-^- 

 more acudwr and I. . puu^^m. Wlun fn^^i u has hardly »ny 



