292 EVPnORBlACEM 



the root rubbed down with hot water is given as a cathartic ; 

 the leaves with water as a laxative, and in decoction to relieve 

 the pain of earache. Of the second, he says that when rubbed 

 down in rice-water and applied locally, it relieves pain^ and that 

 the juice with sesamum oil is useful in erysipelatous inflammation, 

 ha3morrhoids, and the pain in the belly called by the Malabars 

 Quinao. Ainslie says of A, indica :—'' The root, leaves and 

 tender shoots are all used in medicine by the Hindus. The 

 powder of the dry leaves is given to children in worm cases, also 

 a decoction of them with the addition of a little garlic. The 

 juice of the same part of the plant, together with that of the 

 tender shoots, is occasionally mixed with a small portion oi 

 margosa oil, and rubbed on the tongues of infants for the pur- 

 pose of sickening them and clearing their stomachs of viscid 

 phlegm. The hakims prescribe the Koopamaynee in consump- 

 tion/' Ini^i^ TharmacojKeia of India i-^, 205), the following 

 reference to this plant by Dr. &. Bidie, of Madras, will be 

 found : — *' The expressed juice of the leaves is in great repute, 

 wherever the plant grows, as an emetic for children, and is 

 safe, certain, and speedy in its action. Like Ipecacuanha, it 

 seems to have little tendency to act on the bowels or depress the 

 vital powers, and it decidedly increases the secretion of the 

 pulmonary organs- The dose of the expressed juice for an 

 infant is a tcaspoonfuL" Dr. M. Eoss speaks highly of its use 

 as an expectorant^ ranking it in this respect with senega ; he 

 found it specially useful in the bronchitis of children. -I he 

 purgative action of the root noticed by Hheede is confirmed by 

 Dr. H. E. Busteed^ who has used it as a laxative for children. 

 In Bombay the plant has a reputation as an expectorant, hence 

 the native name Khokli (cough). Brigade-Surgeon Langley, 

 in a communication to Dr. Watt, Diet. Econ. Prod, LhL^ Yob I-, 

 writes:—" This plant is called in Canara Ghalmari as well 

 as Kuppi. The natives use it in congestive headaches : a piece 

 of cotton is saturated with the expressed juice and inserted into 

 each nostril; this relieves the head symptoms by causing 

 hLciuorrhage from the nose. The powder of the dry leaves ia 

 used in bedsores and wounds attacked by worms. In asthma 



