378 ' eONlFERJS. 



PINUS LONGIFOLIA, Roxb. 



¥lg,^Eoyle in,, t. 85, /. 1 ; Griff, Ic, PL Asiat, tt. 369, 

 370. 



w 



Hab. — Outer Himalaj^an Ranges, The turpentine. 



Veniacular,—^dim\ Chir {Hind.). The turpentine, Ganda- 

 biroja [Tnd. Bazars). 



History, Uses, &C. — The wood, in Sanskrit Sarala, 



and the turpentine Sarala-drava, are mentioned as medicinal 

 in Sanskrit works ; plasters, ointments, and pastiles for fumi- 

 gations are directed to be made from the turpentine. The latter, 

 under the name of Ganda-biroja, or, more correctly, Gandah- 

 birozah, is found in all the Indian bazars, and appears to have all 

 the properties of ordinary turpentine, though differing from it 

 in odour. It is chiefly used as a pectoral plaster like the pitch 

 plaster of Europe, but it has also a reputation in veterinary 

 practice as a remedy for mange. The Vaids obtain from it by 

 distillation without water a limpid sherry- coloured oil having 

 the peculiar odour of the drug, which they call Khanno oil in 

 the Deccan; it is in much repute as a remedy for gleet or 

 long-standing gonorrhoea. 



Collection.— The Chir Pine, which is a large tree of Afghan- 

 istan and the North-West Himalayas, is the chief source of 

 this turpentine. Atkinson, who describes its collection in 

 Gurhwal and Kumaon, says that it is there called Birja and 

 Lisha or Lcma* and that there are two kinds collected, m*. 



exndat 



y 



making incisions in the sap-wood. The yield of a tree thus 

 treated is said to be from 10 to 20 lbs. the first year, and about 

 one-third the quantity the second year, after which the tree 

 either dies or is blown down. {Atkinson, Bmndis.) 



rJTffr lasS; Illit. lasha; any viscous exudation of plants. 



^<3T 



the small chamber cut in the tree to receive the turpentine. 



An allusion to 



