COmFEBM S79 



Description* — Gandah-birozah is a dirt}^ -white opaque 



substance^ of soft and sticky consistence, having a strong and 

 peculiar odour^ more aromatic than that of common turpentine ; 

 the leaves of some tree, which have evidently been used in 

 collecting the turpentine, are usually found mixed with it in 

 considerable quantity. 



Chemical composition, — 56 lbs. of the crude drug distilled 

 with water yielded 8 lbs. of a colourlesa limpid oil, having the^ 

 peculiar odour of Gandah-birozah. The resin remaining in the 

 still was of a dull brown colour ; after straining to remove- 

 impurities it was stirred with a small quantity of boiling water 

 until hard, and afforded a very fair substitute for Burgundy 

 Pitch, weighing 43 lbs. 



The oil, according to Lyon, has a specific gravity of -875 at 

 82^F. ;it commences to boil at about 310^ F.^ and is dextro- 

 rotatory. 



Pinus Khasyana, the Khasya Pine of Assam, yields a 

 fine quality of turpentine • A full-grown tree gives as much as 

 68 lbs. of crude resin a year. The oil is^ very pure, and Dr. 

 Armstrong in 1881^ reported that it had the greatest amount 

 of action on polarized light of any coniferous oil of turpentine 

 he had examined. 



Pinus Gerardiana, WalL Lamh. Pin. Ed. S, t. 79; 



Eoyle III 353, t. 8a, / 2; Clegham FUies^ of N.-W. KimaL, t, 4,. 

 a native of Afghanistan and Persia^ yields the pine-nuts which 

 are sold in the Indian bazars tinder the name of Ghilyhozeh, and 

 are described in Mohonietan medical works under the Arabic- 



b-ei-sanauhar-el'Iiibdr. In Persia the tree is called 

 md in xifglumistan Chil and ZanMjJiozeh. Aitchison 

 [Kates on FrocL of W, Afyhmmtan and N.-E. Tenia, p. 152) 

 states that the ^eds are- one of the great trade products, 

 exported from the district of Kost and the Kuram Valley io> 

 India ; they have stimixlating properties, and are considered 

 useful in chronic rheumatic affections, and as an 



name of Hi 



Sus iu^j^) 



rheumatic affections, and as an aphrodisiac. 

 administered pounded with honev, in the form 



