618 GRA UTNEM 



albuminous matters. Their soluble part seems to be deposited 

 in the starch-cells, next to the gluten cells, which latter contain 

 the insoluble portion. 



The ash, according to Lermer, contains 29 per cent, of silicic 

 acid, 32-6 of phosphoric acid, 227 of potash, and only 3'7 of 

 lime. In the opinion of Salm-Horstmar, fluorine and lithia are 

 indispensable constituents of barley. 



The fixed oil of barley, as proved in 1863 by Hanamann, is 

 a compound of glycerine, with either a mixture of palmitic and 

 lauric acids, or less probably with a peculiar fatty acid. Beck- 

 niann's Hordeinic Acid obtained in 1 855 by distilling barley 

 with sulphuric acid is probably lauric acid. Lintner (1868) 

 has shown barley to contain also a little Cholesferin. 



Lastly, Kuhnemann (1875) extracted from barley a crystal- 

 lized dextrogyrate sugar, and (1876) an amorphous Isevogyrate 

 mucilaginous substance, Siiiktrui; according to that chemist, 

 dextrin is altogether wanting in barley. 



Barley when malted loses 7 per cent. ; it then contains 1 to 

 12 per cent, of sugar, produced at the expense of the starch ; 

 before malting no sugar is to be found. {Pharmacogyaphia.) 



Commerce. —The total yield of barley in British India does not 

 exceed 50,000,000 ewts. In 1 887-88 the total exports were 

 29,575 cwts.. valued at Es. 89,776, of which Bombay shipped 

 18,688 cwts., Bengal 6,873 cwts., and Sind 4,014 cwts., valued 

 at Rs. 58,632, Es. 20,556, and Es. 10,588, respectively. The 



country which imported most largely was Persia, with 10,358 

 cwts. ; following on which were, Arabia with 7,675 cwts , Ceylon 

 with 7,539 cwts., and Aden, the United Kingdom, Zanzibar, 

 and "other countries" with insignificant quantities. {Diet. 



EcOil. Prnd TnrJi'n ,'^ ^ ooi \ 



Th 



e 



minor food grains {Kudhdnya or Kshudar dhamjo) 



medical 



are 



/rr^?^^""? Vulgare, P^rs.-Yavandla {Bamhnt), Joar 



r if /5?^"L^''^'^'^^^^''-)' Joiidl^aU (Zlf«r.), Cholum (ra;«.), 

 ralla (r<^/.), Chavela(i!fa/.). 



