120 APPENDIX. 



and clianging to blue on standing for some time. In concentrated! 

 acetic acid, readily soluble, forming a colourless solution. Soluble in 

 dilute ammonia, forming a solution which frothed, and from which 

 acetic acid gave a white precipitate on neutralisation. Caustic 

 soda, similar reactions to ammonia. Tannic acid, a white precipitate. 

 Ferric chloride, a turbidity in the cold, which disappeared on heating, 

 the solution being of a brown colour. On boiling with dilute HCl, 

 dark brown, oily globules separated, and the solution reduced 

 alkaline copper. This decomposition product did not appear to 

 possess the properties of the principle described as sapoffenm, obtained 

 by the action of dilute acids on ordinary saponin. The ash amounted 

 to "47 per cent. ; it was free from lead. 



To detei-mine the ultimate composition of this saponin, it was 

 dried over sulphuric acid in a vacuum^ and the combustion made in 



an open tube in a current of oxygen, and the results afforded the 

 following percentages : 



Exp. 1. Exp. 2. Mean. 



Carbon 60*92 61-18 61-05 



Hydi-ogen ... 8-93 8-74 8-84 



Oxygen 30 15 30-08 30-11 



100-00 100-00 100-00 



From these percentages a formula C^^'H'^O'^ was deduced- 



Calculated for 



C^^H^*0^^. -Pound, 



r 



Carbon 60-95 61-05 



Hydrogen 8'57 8^84 



Oxygen 30-48 30-11 



100-00 100-00 



In another experiment a somewhat different mode of extracting 

 the saponin was adopted. An alcoholic extract was obtained from 

 another sample of Bikhma, no acid being used in the extraction. 

 The alcoholic extract was mixed with water and directly extracted 

 wuth amylic alcohol, without previous treatment with petroleum 

 ether, ether, and chloroform. The amylic alcohol containing the 



was separated, filtered, and then repeatedly agitated 



saponin 



aqueous 



viscid 



