loG ArrENDix. 



The Sultan derives no inconsiderable portion of his revenue from 

 this source, since the duty is levied at 30 per cent, ad valorem^ thus 

 placing to the Sultan's credit for the present year nearly, if not 

 quite, $400,000. - 



Besides the clove buds, the stems are also gathered, and form an 

 article of commerce, commanding about one -fifth of the price of 

 cloves and having about the same percentage of strength. To this 

 circumstance is due the fact that ground clove can frequently be 

 purchased in the market at a lower price than whole cloves. 



For the past fifteen years the cultivation of cloves has been the 

 chief occupation of the Arab planters, and has always netted good 

 rei^urns. It seems probable that it will continue to be a profitable 



r 



crop, since the consumption of the article appears to keej) pace with 

 the inevitable increase of production. 



Up to the present time the plantations have been worked with 

 slave labour at comparatively small expense ; but with stoppage of 

 slave supplies from the mainland, great difficulty will be experienced 

 by the planters during harvest time. One result will be an increase 

 in expenses; but what the planters have most to fear is that the 

 curtailment of the labour-supply will entail a direct loss by rendering 

 it impossible to harvest the crop until after it has blossomed, when 

 it would be unfit for the uses of commerce. 



Oil of Cloves. 



The value of this oil depending upon the quantity of eugenol 

 present, H. Thorns pi'oposes the following method of assay, depend- 

 ing upon the formation of benzoyl-eugenol (see Am. Jour. Phann.^ 

 1891, 400): 5 gms. of the oil, 20 gms. solution of sodium hydrate 

 (15 per cent.), and 6 gms. benzoyl chloride are placed in a tared 

 beaker of 150 cc. capacity and thoroughly mixed, this causing the 

 mixture to become quite hot ; after cooling 50 cc. water are added 



irystalline mass melts, and again allowed 



to become cold ; the clear liquid is run thi'ough a weighed filter (dried 

 at lOl^C), and the same operation of washing the crystals repeated 

 twice with 50 cc. w^atcr. To remove the sesqui-terpene, which may 

 contaminate the benzoyl-eugenol, the crystals have to be washed 

 with alcohol ; this is effected by adding to the still moist crystalline 

 mass in the beaker 25 cc. alcohol of 90 i>or cent,, warming until 

 solution is effected, rotating the solution until the crystals begin to 



