1'85 AFPENDIX. 



well shaken. After separation the chloroform is drawn off, and the 

 process repeated with 10 cc. chloroform. The washings are mixed 

 and freed from traces of alkaloid by shaking with three snccessive 

 -small portions of acidulated water, and these are separated and 



TLa laH.f^r ift fhftn mRdf! alkaline witli 



added to the original solution. 



ammonia, and the alkaloids extracted with three successive 15 cc, 

 •chloroform. To obtain the alkaloids in a pure condition, they are 



from solution in chloroform by agitation with three 



awn 



nu 



with 



tion first with 10 c.c, and then with two successive 5 cc. chloroform. 

 In cases where the final acidified aqueous solution was not colourless, 

 the process of shaking out was repeated. The mixed chloroformic 

 alkaloidal solutions were afterwards shaken with ammoniated water, 

 and after separation were drawn off and evaporated over a water- 

 bath, and the alkaloidal residue heated at 100^ until the weight 

 was constant. 



The above process was found to be applicable to the majority of 

 the tinctures without any modification ; but with others greater 

 •difficulty was experienced than had been the case in any of the 

 estimations previously made. 



This arises from the fact that in many specimens of stramonmm 

 seeds there seems to exist some substance soluble both in alcohol and 



r 



water, and not removable by chloroform either from an acid or 

 alkaline liquor, and which possesses the property of emulsifymg 

 chloroform when that liquid is shaken up with a solution contain- 

 ing it. 



No difficulty was experienced in removing the oil and colouring 

 matter, but when the extract was made alkaline and shaken with 

 chloroform, emulsification took place, and the chloroform refused to 

 separate out clear, even after standing for some hours. Separation 

 into two layers did, however, take place, the upper layer consisting 

 of a brown alkaline mother-liquor, and the lower layer of emulsified 

 chloroform containing the alkaloid in solution, and holding in 

 suspension some of the mother-liquor. It was ascertained that all 

 the alkaloid was taken out by the chloroform, and two processes 

 were devised, whereby it could be extracted from the chloroform 

 emulsion and obtained in a pure condition. By tlie plan fii*st 

 adopted, the original alkaline liquor was shaken with three 



