92 Farm Roads on Strong Soils. 



No. 2. With sifted gravel on a foundation of chalk, charging 

 nothing for either the gravel or chalk in the bed. 



£. s. d. 



Formation (as detailed) 016 



Foundation, 8i cubic yards of chalk, at 6(Z. per yard .. 4 1^ 

 Fining, at l\d. ; carting 1 mile, at Is. ; and spreading, 



IcZ. per yard 10 



Covering as in No. 1 19 3 



Finishing as in No. 1 1 4^ 



Total cost per chain 2 10 9 



No. 3. With sifted gravel on a foundation of burnt clay 

 ballast, charging nothing for gravel nor clay in the bed. 



£. s. d. 



Formation (a.s detailed) 16 



Foundation, 81 cubic yards of burnt clay ballast, at 



Is. 10^(7. per yard 15 5 



Fining, at HrZ. ; carting ^mile, at M. per yard per mile; 



and spreading, at Id 4 10 



Covering as in No. I, excepting that the carting will be 



5 mile more, ^. e. 2 miles 12 8^ 



Finishing as in No. 1 1 4i 



Total cost per chain 3 04 



In the more central clay districts of the greensand, oolite, and 

 lias formations, within which the Gault, Oxford, and Lias clays 

 cover so large a space, gravel is less frequent. In some situa- 

 tions, however, drifted gravel is found in plenty, and of such 

 superior quality that it may be used with impunity without 

 sifting (see instance No. 4). 



The cost of carting this gravel is proportionately higher, as the 

 farm upon which it is wanted recedes from the margin of the clay 

 where the drifted beds are mostly found. 



The writer is now having gravel dug and clamped in a pit two 

 miles south-west of Peterborough, at 4c?. per cubic yard, and 

 sifted for Ad. more, making the cost of sifted gravel 8c?. per cubic 

 yard. In some places, where gravel is beyond the bounds of mode- 

 rate cost, the oolite and lias rocks may be brought advantageously 

 into competition with it (see instance No. 5). 7 hese layers of 

 rock may be quarried, broken to two sizes for foundation and 

 covering, and clamped ready for carting, at an average cost 

 of Is. 2>d. per cubic yard. But the best description of road, 

 and in the end the cheapest that can be made in such places, 

 will be found to be by the use of the native rock as a paving 

 or pitching on the Telford principle, with a covering of sifted 

 gravel. The rock should be quarried for the purpose and laid 

 thus — 



