Dairy Management. 181 



"Wise the smell peculiar to mustard. More completely to satlsfy 

 myself, I sent a sample to Professor Way, who reported it to 

 contain mustard. 



As dealers now charge a higher price for this material, for 

 food, in comparison Avith what they charge for it as manure, 

 they are clearly responsible for its being of a quality suitable for 

 food. 



To prevent the cake becoming mouldy, I cover it over with 

 shells of oats which have been kiln-dried ; chopped straw, if dry, 

 would equally serve the purpose ; by this means its flavour is 

 also preserved — indeed, by keeping for a time, I find it become 

 milder in taste, and more easy to masticate. 



Management of Grass-land. — In describing the crops or pro- 

 tluce adapted for dairy purposes, 1 think it proper to notice my 

 treatment of permanent grass, meadow and pasture. I reside on 

 the borders of a district in Yorkshire, over which you may travel 

 50 or 60 miles without seeing, except here and there, an isolated 

 patch in tillage, and I am enabled to state, from observation, 

 that in this extensive tract of permanent-grass the occupiers 

 depend almost wholly on the excrement of their cattle for main- 

 taining the fertility of their land. Whilst in some of the corn- 

 growing districts the farmers purchase guano or other extra 

 manure, at the rate of '20s. per acre over the whole of their hold- 

 ings, by far the majority of those in the district I am speaking of 

 {from which a continued deportation of cattle and also of dairy 

 produce takes place), depend wholly for manure on tlie excre- 

 ment from their stock, and do not replenish with extra materials. 



As my own treatment of permanent grass differs materially 

 from this, I proceed to describe it and its results. 



My meadows, from their high condition, preserve their verdure 

 through winter ; during the month of March, and up to the first 

 ■week in May, they afford excellent pasturage for ewes with their 

 lambs, of which they carry at the rate of four per acre till the 

 first week of May. Some portion is left untouched by sheep for 

 early soiling, which I usually commence about the 26th of May. 



From the 20th to the 30th of June my mowing for the main 

 crop of hay usually takes place. The aftermath is again cut 

 either for soiling or for aftermath hay, so that each meadow is 

 mown twice during the season. After the second mowing a nice 

 aftermath grows, which serves for the next year's ewes, which 

 are bought early in October, and turned on the meadows together 

 with their ram. Soon after the ground is clear, the weather 

 being suitable (I prefer it cloudy or wet), the fresh excre- 

 ment from the tanks under the tails of the animals is carted on 

 and dressed in. The whole of my meadow land gets a dressing 

 of this once a year. The excrement is c|uite free from straw. I 



