Report on Steppe Murrain or Rinderpest. 241 



free from the disease since 1846. The present outbreak took 

 place in the month of March, and was due to tlie introduction of 

 10 steppe oxen which had been purchased at a cattle-fair held at 

 Jaczmirz, in the Lemberg- division of Galicia. 



These oxen came with large droves from Bessarabia, and 

 from three to four thousand head were brought together at the 

 fair. Jaczmirz is about twenty German miles from Zabrzez, 

 and three full days were occupied in driving the animals to 

 the latter-named place. They were bought by M. Berl Krum- 

 holz, farmer and distiller, and arrived at the farm on the 15th 

 of the same month, and, after remaining a fe\,v hours, were 

 sent on to Kamienica, where the distillery is situated. They 

 were here put with 14 fat oxen, but, in consequence of these 

 being sold for slaughtering- two days afterwards, the steppe 

 cattle were returned to Zabrzez on the 18th. Here they were 

 placed in a stable by themselves, and stood there until the 20th, 

 when four of them were a second time sent to Kamienica, with 

 10 iiead of young stock, and on their arrival were placed with 

 21 others. On the following day, the 21st, the six steppe 

 oxen left at Zabrzez were observed to be tremblins:, which beina: 

 supposed to depend on exposure to cold, they were put into a 

 shed for warmth, in which were 18 otlier animals, consisting of 

 some young bulls, cows, and two calves. On the 22nd, the four 

 steppe oxen at Kamienica were likewise noticed to be unwell, 

 and trembling, and, the true nature of their illness being now 

 suspected, they were immediately removed from the other stock, 

 and orders were sent to Zabrzez for the six to be also taken 

 away and kept by themselves. 



As a further security to the stock at Kamienica, early the next 

 moniing the four steppe cattle were sent back to the farm at 

 Zabrzez. Notwithstanding this precaution, the disease broke 

 out among the young stock on the 30th, and eight of them died 

 on the first day ; and by April 3rd thirty-one in all were dead. 

 Besides these animals, M. Berl Krumholz had ten others at 

 Kamienica, and the Commissioners decided upon killing them 

 at once, so that he might receive something towards his loss. 

 The entire number therefore lost by him at Kamienica was 41 

 animals, and had it not been for the selling of the 14 fat oxen, 

 they also in all probability would have been sacrificed. 



On the same day that the disease manifested itself at Kami- 

 enica it also broke out at Zabrzez among the eighteen with which 

 the steppe oxen Avere placed on the 21st. Of the entire 28 

 animals located here, including the 10 steppe cattle, thirteen died, 

 eleven were killed, three recovered, and one resisted the infection 

 entirely. The three animals which recovered and the one which 



