338 Calendar of Farming Operations. 



and draft ewes. Sows should farrow. Subsoil pastures and sow 

 renovating grass seeds. Sow rye and winter barley for spring 

 keep. Collect fern and heatli for winter litter. 



Septemher. — Thin pastures still further. Eeserve good keep for 

 the ewes when put to ram. Balance farm accounts, putting a fair 

 average value, rather under than over, on your stock, crops, &c., and 

 charging about 7 per cent, for wear and tear on money laid out in 

 implements, &c. Sow grass seeds. Sow rye, winter vetches, tares : 

 sow two pecks per acre of winter oats with the vetches. Obtain 

 seed from a colder climate and a diiferent soil ; it will then have a 

 chance to improve. Sow about one to two inches in depth. It is 

 a safe plan to steep your seed, though many farmers despise it, 

 either in a solution of blue vitriol and water, or salt and lime. Lime 

 the clover fallow. Look well to live stock. AVean early foals. 

 Dip your sheep, to kill lice, in a solution of arsenic and soft soap. 

 Turn pigs into woods and stubbles. Plant potatoes towards middle 

 of this month. Cleanse winter fallows, and la}' them up in ridges 

 for the frost to do its work. Pick hops. Keep the hoe still actively 

 employed. By no means put sheep on young clover, as every bite 

 destroys a root. 



October. — Wheat sowing principal operation of the month. 

 Lime and plough clover stubbles. Koll and press immediately 

 afterwards. Plough bean stubbles. Some of the turnip land will 

 be ready ; the crop having been partially removed, partially fed 

 off. Potatoes are being, or have been, hai'v^ested. The land should 

 be somewhat moist when sown with wheat, but not so much so as 

 to knead under the horses' feet. Tie up oxen for Christmas beef. 

 Begin with white or autumn turnips. Put up hogs to fatten, and 

 for porkers and pickling a succession of smaller pigs. Horses 

 require dry food. Sow wheat, winter beans, tares for second crop. 

 Plant and take up potatoes. Look to fences and water-courses. 

 Finish dressing your meadows. Plough winter fallows. Mow and 

 collect stubble to laj^ on the cattle yards. Feed fattening sheep on 

 turnips, not forgetting salt : hay and oil-cake may be added with 

 advantage. Keep sheep on wettish land, reserving the dry soils for 

 the rainy season. Towards end of month dress and plough your 

 land for winter beans. Gather apples and jiears, and make wood 

 stacks. Store mangold wurzel, carrots, and turnips, such as you do 

 not intend to be eaten off on the land. Keep roots diy and well 

 ventilated : capital store-room under a stack of straw, on pedestals, 

 I have found by experience. Turnips lose much moisture in a 

 night, therefore it is best perhaps to gather as you want them. Sow 

 another succession of winter vetches, having sown some in Sep- 

 tember for keep next May and June. Sow rye on stubbles : 

 best done however during September. Fell timber. Manure grass- 

 lands during diy weather. JSew roads bind best now. Land 

 springs show themselves to the di'ainer. Pick hops. Plant fruit 

 trees. 



