Vegetable Physiology. 371 



No. 3. — Analysis of Sample of Manure from Zlr. Laicrance. 

 By Professor Voelcker. 



Natural. Dry. 



Per cent. Per cent. 



Water 67-436 



*Orgaiiic matter 26-806 82-318 



Ash ( 5-758 17-682) 



Containing — 



Insoluble silicious matter 1-796 5-515 



Phosphates 2-313 7-102 



Equal to phosphoric acid ( 1-001 3-416) 



Carbonate of lime 0-282 0-866 



Magnesia and alkaline salts .. .. 1-367 4-199 



100-000 100-000 



*Contaiuing ammonia (N. H3.) 1*067 3-279 



Cirencester, Nov. 1857. 



XV. — Elementary Introduction to the subject of Vegetable Phy- 

 siology. By Arthur Henfrey, F.R.S., L.S., &c., Professor 

 of Botany, King's College, London. 



Part II. 

 The principal object of our former Paper (vol. xvii., page 62) 

 was to expound, in as simple a manner as possible, the funda- 

 mental fact of vegetable organisation, namely, the transformation 

 of fluid substances into solid structures forming parts of a living 

 being, in the development of new cells, the microscopic elements 

 of organic bodies, from formless substances, through the agency 

 of the organising force residing in existing tissues. The general 

 principles there laid down apply to all plants without exception, 

 since the phenomena from which these principles are deduced 

 constitute the first step both in the development of every member 

 of the vegetable kingdom, and in every new part or organ pro- 

 duced by any individual plant. The primary element of vege- 

 table structure, the cell, was described in its most general cha- 

 racteristics — those which are met with in all cells at certain 

 stages of their existence. 



In the following pages we propose to furnish such an account 

 as may be intelligible to ordinary readers, of the subsequent 

 history of vegetable cells, and to describe the most important 

 kinds of structure or tissue which enter into the formation of 

 plants. Since, however, the cellular textures constitute only the 



